GNU/Linux man pages
Livre :
Expressions régulières,
Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :
GNU/Linux |
RedHat 6.2(Zoot) |
|
 |
table(n) |
 |
______________________________________________________________________________
table − Arranges widgets in a table
table master ?slave index option value?...
table arrange master
table cget master ?item? option
table configure master ?item?... ?option value?...
table extents master item
table forget slave ?slave?...
table info master item
table locate master x y
table masters ?switch? ?arg?
table search master ?switch arg?... ______________________________________________________________________________
The table command arranges widgets in a table. The alignment of widgets is detemined by their row and column positions and the number of rows or columns which they span.
Probably the most painstaking aspect of building a graphical application is getting the placement and size of the widgets just right. It usually takes many iterations to align widgets and adjust their spacing. That’s because managing the geometry of widgets is simply not a packing problem, but also graphical design problem. Attributes such as alignment, symmetry, and balance are more important than minimizing the amount of space used for packing.
The table geometry manager arranges widgets in a table. It’s easy to align widgets (horizontally and vertically) or to create empty space to balance the arrangement of the widgets. Widgets, called slaves, are arranged inside of another widget called the master. Slaves are positioned at row,column locations and may span any number of rows or columns. More than one widget can occupy a single location.
The placement of slave windows determines both the size and arrangement of the table. The table queries the requested size of each slave. The requested size of a widget is the natural size of the widget (before the widget is shrunk or expanded). The height of each row and the width of each column is the largest slave spanning that row or column. The size of the table is in turn the sum of the row and column sizes. This is the table’s normal size.
The total number of rows and columns in a table is determined from the indices specified. The table grows dynamically as windows are added at larger indices.
The table geometry manager is created by invoking the table command. # Create a table in the root window table . The window . is now the master window of the table. Widgets (slave windows) packed into the table will be displayed within the confines of the master window.
You add widgets to the table by row and column location. Row and column indices start from zero. label .title -text "This is a title"
# Add a label to the table table . .title 0,0 The label .title is added to the table. We can add more widgets in the same way. button .ok -text "Ok" button .cancel -text "Cancel"
# Add two buttons table . .ok 1,0 table . .cancel 1,1 Two buttons .ok and .cancel are now packed into the second row of the table. They each occupy one cell of the table. By default, widgets span only a single row and column.
The first column contains two widgets, .title and .ok. By default, the widest of the two widgets will define the width of the column. However, we want .title to be centered horizontally along the top of the table. We can make .title span two columns using the configure operation. # Make the label span both columns table configure . .title -cspan 2 The label .title will now be centered along the top row of the table.
In the above example, we’ve create and arranged the layout for the table invoking the table command several times. Alternately, we could have used a single table command. label .title -text "This is a title" button .ok -text "Ok" button .cancel -text "Cancel"
# Create and
pack the table table . \
.title 0,0 -cspan 2 \
.ok 1,0 \
.cancel 1,1 The table will override the requested width and
height of the master window so that the window fits the
table exactly. This also means that any change to the size
of table will be propagated up through the Tk window
hierarchy. This feature can be turned off using the
configure operation again. table configure .
-propagate no You can also set the width of height of the
table to a specific value. This supersedes the calculated
table size. # Make the master window 4 inches wide, 3 inches
high table configure . -reqwidth 4i -reqheight 3i If a
widget is smaller than the cell(s) it occupies, the widget
will float within the extra space. By default, the widget
will be centered within the space, but you can anchor the
widget to any side of cell using the −anchor
configuration option. table configure . .ok -anchor w The
−fill option expands the slave widget to fill
the extra space either vertically or horizontally (or both).
# Make the title label fill the entire top row table
configure . .title -cspan 2 -fill x
# Each button will be as height of the 2nd row. table configure . .ok .cancel -fill y The width of .title will be the combined widths of both columns. Both .ok and .cancel will become as tall as the second row.
The −padx and −pady options control the amount of padding around the slave window. Both options take a list of one or two values. # Pad the title by two pixels above and below. table configure . .title -pady 2
# Pad each button 2 pixels on the left, and 4 on the right. table configure . .ok .cancel -padx { 2 4 } If the list has only one value, then both exterior sides (top and bottom or left and right) of the slave window are padded by that amount. If the list has two elements, the first specifies padding for the top or left side and the second for the bottom or right side.
Like the master window, you can also override the requested widths and heights of slave windows using the −reqwidth and −reqheight options. This is especially useful with character-based widgets (such as buttons, labels, text, listbox, etc) that let you specify their size only in units of characters and lines, instead of pixels. # Make all buttons one inch wide table configure . .ok .cancel -reqwidth 1i
Each row and column of the table can be configured, again using the configure operation. Rows are and columns are designated by Ri and Ci respectively, where i is the index of the row or column.
For example, you can set the size of a row or column. # Make the 1st column 2 inches wide table configure . c0 -width 2.0i
# Make the 2nd row 1/2 inch high. table configure . r1 -height 0.5i The new size for the row or column overrides its calculated size. If no slave windows span the row or column, its height or width is zero. So you can use the −width and −height options to create empty spaces in the table. # Create an empty row and column table configure . r2 c2 -width 1i The −pady option lets you add padding to the top and bottom sides of rows. The −padx option adds padding to the left and right sides of columns. Both options take a list of one or two values. # Pad above the title by two pixels table configure . r0 -pady { 2 0 }
# Pad each column 4 pixels on the left, and 2 on the right. table configure . c* -padx { 2 4 }
Notice that you can configure all the rows and columns using either R* or C*.
When the master window is resized, the rows and columns of the table are also resized. The −resize option indicates whether the row or column can be shrunk or stretched. If the value is shrink, the row or column can only be resized smaller. If expand, it can only be resized larger. If none, the row or column is frozen at its normal size. # Let the 1st column get smaller, but not bigger table configure . c0 -resize shrink
# Let the 2nd column get bigger, not smaller table configure . c1 -resize expand
# Don’t
resize the first row table configure . r0 -resize none The
following example packs a canvas, two scrollbars, and a
title. The rows and columns containing the scrollbars are
frozen at their normal size, so that even if the frame is
resized, the scrollbars will remain the same width. table .
\
.title 0,0 -cspan 3 \
.canvas 1,1 -fill both \
.vscroll 1,2 -fill y \
.hscroll 2,1 -fill x
# Don’t let the scrollbars resize table configure . c2 r2 -resize none
# Create an empty space to balance the scrollbar table configure . c0 -width .vscroll Note that the value of the −width option is the name of a slave window. This indicates that the width of the column should be the same as the requested width of .vscroll.
Finally, the forget operation removes slave windows from the table. # Remove the windows from the table table forget .quit .frame It’s not necessary to specify the master window. The table command determines the master window from the slave window name.
The following
operations are available for the table:
table master ?slave index option
value?...
Adds the widget slave to the table at index. Index is a row,column position in the table. It must be in the form row,column where row and column are the respective row and column numbers, starting from zero (0,0 is the upper leftmost position). Row and column may also be numeric expressions which are recursively evaluated. If a table doesn’t exist for master, one is created. Slave is the path name of the window, which must already exist, to be arranged inside of master. Option and value are described in the SLAVE OPTIONS section.
table arrange master
Forces the table to compute its layout immediately. Normally, the table geometry manager will wait until the next idle point, before calculating the size of its rows and columns. This is useful for collecting the normal sizes of rows and columns, which are based upon the requested slave window sizes.
table cget master ?item? option
Returns the current value of the configuration option specific to item given by option. Item is either a row or column index, or the path name of a slave window. Item can be in any form describe in the configure operation below. If no item argument is provided, then the configuration option is for the table itself. Option may be any one of the options described in the appropiate section for item.
table configure master item... ?option value?...
Queries or modifies the configuration options specific to item. If no option is specified, this command returns a list describing all of the available options for item If the argument item is omitted, then the specified configuration options are for the table itself. Otherwise item must be either a row or column specification, or the path name of a slave window. The following item types are available.
|
Ci |
Specifies the column of master to be configured. Item must be in the form Cn, where i is the index of the column. See the COLUMN OPTIONS section. | ||
|
Ri |
Specifies the row of master to be configured. Item must be in the form Ri, where i is the index of the row. See the ROW OPTIONS section. | ||
|
slave |
Specifies a slave window of master to be queried. Slave is the path name of a slave window packed in master. See the SLAVE OPTIONS section. |
No argument
Specifies that the table itself is to be queried. See the TABLE OPTIONS section for a description of the option-value pairs for the table.
The option and value pairs are specific to item. If option is specified with no value, then the command returns a list describing the one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If one or more option−value pairs are specified, then the command modifies the given option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the command returns the empty string.
table extents master index
Queries the location and dimensions of row and columns in the table. Index can be either a row or column index or a table index. Returns a list of the x,y coordinates (upperleft corner) and dimensions (width and height) of the cell, row, or column.
table forget slave ?slave?...
Requests that slave no longer have its geometry managed. Slave is the pathname of the window currently managed by some table. The window will be unmapped so that it no longer appears on the screen. If slave is not currently managed by any table, an error message is returned, otherwise the empty string.
table info master item
Returns a list of the current configuration options for item. The list returned is exactly in the form that might be specified to the table command. It can be used to save and reset table configurations. Item must be one of the following.
|
Ci |
Specifies the column of master to be queried. Item must be in the form Cn, where n is the index of the column. | ||
|
Ri |
Specifies the row of master to be queried. Item must be in the form Ri, where i is the index of the row. | ||
|
slave |
Specifies a slave window of master to be queried. Slave is the path name of a slave window packed in master. |
No argument
Specifies that the table itself is to be queried.
table locate master x y
Returns the table index (row,column) of the cell containing the given screen coordinates. The x and y arguments represent the x and y coordinates of the sample point to be tested.
table masters ?switch arg?
Returns a list of all master
windows matching a given criteria (using switch and
arg). If no switch and arg arguments
are given, the names of all master windows (only those using
the table command) are returned. The following are
valid switches:
−pattern pattern
Returns a list of pathnames of all master windows matching pattern.
−slave window
Returns the name of the master window of table managing window. Window must be the path name of slave window. If window is not managed by any table, the empty string is returned.
table search master ?switch arg?...
Returns the names of all the
slave windows in master matching the criteria given
by switch and arg. Master is name of
the master window associated with the table to be searched.
The name of the slave window is returned if any one
switch-arg criteria matches. If no
switch-arg arguments are given, the names of
all slave windows managed by master are returned. The
following are switches are available:
−pattern pattern
Returns the names of any names of the slave windows matching pattern.
−span index
Returns the names of slave windows which span index. A slave window does not need to start at index to be included. Index must be in the form row,column, where row and column are valid row and column numbers.
−start index
Returns the names of slave windows which start at index. Index must be in the form row,column, where row and column are valid row and column numbers.
To configure the table itself, you omit the item argument when invoking the configure operation. table configure master ?option value?... The following options are available for the table:
−columns number
Sets the number of columns in the table. By default, the table creates new columns whenever they are needed. If the number of columns is less than currently in master, any slave windows located in those columns are removed from the table.
−padx pad
Sets how much padding to add to the left and right exteriors of the table. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the left side of the table is padded by the first value and the right side by the second value. If pad has just one value, both the left and right sides are padded evenly by the value. The default is 0.
−pady pad
Sets how much padding to add to the top and bottom exteriors of the table. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the area above the table is padded by the first value and the area below by the second value. If pad is just one number, both the top and bottom areas are padded by the value. The default is 0.
−propagate boolean
Indicates if the table should override the requested width and height of the master window. If boolean is false, master will not be resized. Master will be its requested size. The default is 1.
−rows number
Sets the number of rows in the table. By default, the table creates new rows whenever they are needed. If the number of rows is less than currently in master, any slave windows located in those rows will be unmapped.
Slave windows are configured by specifying the name of the slave when invoking the configure operation. table configure master slave ?option value?... Slave must be the path name of a window already packed in the table associated with master. The following options are available for slave windows:
−anchor anchor
Anchors slave to a particular edge of the cell(s) it resides. This option has effect only if the space of the spans surrounding slave is larger than slave. Anchor specifies how slave will be positioned in the space. For example, if anchor is center then the window is centered in the rows and columns it spans; if anchor is w then the window will be aligned with the leftmost edge of the span. The default is center.
−columnspan number
Sets the number of columns slave will span. The default is 1.
−columnweight weight
Specifies how much weight the width slave should have when the table computes the sizes of the columns it spans. Weight is either normal, none, or full. For example, if weight is none, then the width of slave will not affect the widths of the columns in which it spans. If weight is full, only the width of slave be considered when computing the widths of the columns. Normal indicates that the widest slave spanning the column will determine the width of the span. The default is normal.
−fill fill
If the space in the span surrounding slave is larger than slave, then fill indicates if slave should be stretched to occupy the extra space. Fill is either none, x, y, both. For example, if fill is x, then slave is stretched horizontally. If fill is y, slave is stretched vertically. The default is none.
−ipadx pixels
Sets how much horizontal padding to add internally on the left and right sides of slave. Pixels must be a valid screen distance like 2 or 0.3i. The default is 0.
−ipady pixels
Sets how much vertical padding to add internally on the top and bottom of slave. Pixels must be a valid screen distance like 2 or 0.3i. The default is 0.
−padx pad
Sets how much padding to add to the left and right exteriors of slave. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the left side of slave is padded by the first value and the right side by the second value. If pad has just one value, both the left and right sides are padded evenly by the value. The default is 0.
−pady pad
Sets how much padding to add to the top and bottom exteriors of slave. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the area above slave is padded by the first value and the area below by the second value. If pad is just one number, both the top and bottom areas are padded by the value. The default is 0.
−reqheight height
Specifies the limits of the requested height for slave. Height is a list of bounding values. See the BOUNDING SIZES section for a description of this list. By default, the height of slave is its requested height with its internal padding (see the −ipady option). The bounds specified by height either override the height completely, or bound the height between two sizes. The default is "".
−reqwidth width
Specifies the limits of the requested width for slave. Width is a list of bounding values. See the BOUNDING SIZES section for a description of this list. By default, the width of slave is its requested width with its internal padding (set the −ipadx option). The bounds specified by width either override the width completely, or bound the height between two sizes. The default is "".
−rowspan number
Sets the number of rows slave will span. The default is 1.
−rowweight weight
Specifies how much weight the height slave should have when the table computes the sizes of the rows it spans. Weight is either normal, none, or full. For example, if weight is none, then the height of slave will not affect the heights of the rows in which it spans. If weight is full, only the height of slave be considered when computing the heights of the rows. Normal indicates that the widest slave spanning the row will determine the height of the span. The default is normal.
To configure a column in the table, specify the column index as Ci, where i is the index of the column to be configured. table configure master Ci ?option value?... If the index is specified as C*, then all columns of the table will be configured. The following options are available for table columns.
−padx pad
Sets the padding to the left and right of the column. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the left side of the column is padded by the first value and the right side by the second value. If pad has just one value, both the left and right sides are padded evenly by the value. The default is 0.
−resize mode
Indicates that the column can expand or shrink from its normal width when the table is resized. Mode must be one of the following: none, expand, shrink, or both. If mode is expand the width of the column is expanded if there is extra space in the master window. If mode is shrink its width may be reduced beyond its normal width if there is not enough space in the master. The default is none.
−width width
Specifies the limits within which the width of the column may expand or shrink. Width is a list of bounding values. See the section BOUNDING SIZES for a description of this list. By default there are no constraints.
To configure a row in the table, specify the row index as Ri, where i is the index of the row to be configured. table configure master Ri ?option value?... If the index is specified as R*, then all rows of the table will be configured. The following options are available for table rows.
−height height
Specifies the limits of the height which the row may expand or shrink to. Height is a list of bounding values. See the section BOUNDING SIZES for a description of this list. By default there are no constraints.
−pady pad
Sets the padding above and below the row. Pad can be a list of one or two numbers. If pad has two elements, the area above the row is padded by the first value and the area below by the second value. If pad is just one number, both the top and bottom areas are padded by the value. The default is 0.
−resize mode
Indicates that the row can expand or shrink from its normal height when the table is resized. Mode must be one of the following: none, expand, shrink, or both. If mode is expand the height of the row is expanded if there is extra space in the master window. If mode is shrink its height may be reduced beyond its normal height if there is not enough space in the master. The default is none.
Sometimes
it’s more useful to limit resizes to an acceptable
range, than to fix the size to a particular value or
disallow resizing altogether. Similar to the way the
wm command lets you specify a minsize and
maxsize for a toplevel window, you can bound the
sizes the master window, a slave window, row, or column may
take. The −width, −height,
−reqwidth, and −reqheight options,
take a list of one, two, or three values. We can take a
previous example and instead preventing resizing, bound the
size of the scrollbars between two values. table . \
.title 0,0 -cspan 3 \
.canvas 1,1 -fill both \
.vscroll 1,2 -fill y \
.hscroll 2,1 -fill x
# Bound the scrollbars between 1/8 and 1/2 inch table configure . c2 -width { 0.125 0.5 } table configure . r2 -height { 0.125 0.5 } table configure . vscroll .hscroll -fill both The scrollbars will get no smaller than 1/8 of an inch, or bigger than 1/2 inch. The initial size will be their requested size, so long as it is within the specified bounds.
How the elements of the list are interpreted is dependent upon the number of elements in the list.
|
{} |
Empty list. No bounds are set. The default sizing is performed. | ||
|
{ x } |
Fixes the size to x. The window or partition cannot grow or shrink. |
{ min max }
Sets up minimum and maximum limits for the size of the window or partition. The window or partition can be reduced less than min, nor can it be stretched beyond max.
{ min max nom }
Specifies minimum and maximum size limits, but also specifies a nominal size nom. This overrides the calculated size of the window or partition.
Another feature is that you can put two slave windows in the same cell of the table. This is useful when you want to add decorations around a widget. frame .frame -bd 1 -relief sunken button .quit -text "Quit"
# Put both the
frame and the button in the same cell. table . \
.quit 1,0 -padx 2 -pady 2 \
.frame 1,0 -fill both
In Tk version 3, errors may occur if slave windows are add or taken from the table by another geometry manager. This has been fixed in Tk 4.0.
There is no way to detect if a window is already a master of a different geometry manager. Bizarre window re-positioning may occur, as each geometry manager applies its own brand of layout policies. If the window is a top level window, the window manager may become involved, responding to the each new size request and your session may hang.
frame, geometry manager, location, table, size
|
table(n) | |