GNU/Linux man pages
Livre :
Expressions régulières,
Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :
GNU/Linux |
RedHat 5.2(Apollo) |
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netstat(8) |
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netstat − Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and netlink messages
netstat [−venaoc] [−−tcp|−t] [−−udp|−u] [−−raw|−w] [−−unix|−u] [−−inet|−−ip] [−−ax25] [−−ipx] [−−netrom]
netstat [−veenc] [−−inet] [−−ipx] [−−netrom] [−−ddp] [−−ax25] {−−route|−r}
netstat [−veenac] {−−interfaces|−i} [iface]
netstat [−enc] {−−masquerade|−M}
netstat [−cn] {−−netlink|−N}
netstat {−V|−−version} {−h|−−help}
Netstat displays information of the Linux networking subsystem.
(no
option)
You can view the status of network connections by listing
the open sockets. This is the default operation: If you
don’t specify any address families, then the active
sockets of all configured address families will be printed.
With -e you get some additional informations
(userid). With the -v switch you can make netstat
complain about known address families which are not
supported by the kernel. The -o option displays some
additional information on networking timers. -a print
all sockets, including the listening server sockets. The
address family inet will display raw, udp and tcp
sockets.
−r,
−−route
With the −r, −−route option,
you get the kernel routing tables in the same format as
route -e use. netstat -er will use the output
format of route. Please see route(8) for
details.
−i,
−−interface iface
If you use the -i, --interfaces option, a
table of all (or the specified iface) networking
interfaces will be printed. The output uses the ifconfig
-e format, and is described in ifconfig(8).
netstat -ei will print a table or a single interface
entry just like ifconfig does. With the -a
switch, you can include interfaces which are not configured
(i.e. don’t have the U=UP flag set).
−M,
−−masquerade
A list of all masqueraded sessions can be viewed, too. With
the -e switch you can include some more informations
about sequenze numbering and deltas, caused by data rewrites
on FTP sessions (PORT command). Masquerade support is used
to hide hosts with unofficial network addresses from the
outside world, as described in
ipfw(4),ipfwadm(8) and ipfw(8).
−N,
−−netlink
Recent kernels have a kernel/user communication support
called netlink. You can get messages about creation or
deletion of interfaces or routes from /dev/route
(36,0).
−v,
−−verbose
Tell the user what is going on by being verbose. Especially
print some usefull informations about unconfigured address
families.
−n,
−−numeric
shows numerical addresses instead of trying to determine
symbolic host, port or user names.
−A,
−−af family
use a different method to set the address families.
family is a comma (’,’) seperated list of
address family keywords like inet, unix,
ipx, ax25, netrom and ddp. This
is has the same effect as using the long options
−−inet, −−unix,
−−ipx, −−ax25,
−−netrom and
−−ddp.
−c,
−−continous
This will cause netstat to print the selected table
every second continously on the screen until you interrupt
it.
Active
Internet connections (TCP, UDP, RAW)
Proto
The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.
Recv-Q
The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected
to this socket.
Send-Q
The count of bytes not acknoledged by the remote host.
Local
Address
The local address (local hostname) and port number of the
socket. Unless the -n switch is given, the socket
address is resolved to its canonical hostname, and the port
number is translated into the corresponding service
name.
Foreign
Address
The remote address (remote hostname) and port number of he
socket. As with the local address:port, the -n switch
turns off hostname and service name resolution.
State
The state of the socket. Since there are no states in RAW
and usually no states used in UDP, this row may be left
blank. Normally this can be one of several values:
ESTABLISHED
The socket has an established connection.
SYN_SENT
The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.
SYN_RECV
The connection is being initialized.
FIN_WAIT1
The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.
FIN_WAIT2
Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown from the remote end.
TIME_WAIT
The socket is waiting after close for remote shutdown retransmission.
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CLOSED |
The socket is not being used. |
CLOSE_WAIT
The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.
LAST_ACK
The remote end shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for acknowledgement.
|
LISTEN |
The socket is listening for incoming connections. Those sockets are only displayed if the -a,--listening switch is set. |
CLOSING
Both sockets are shut down but we still don’t have all our data sent.
UNKNOWN
The state of the socket is unknown.
User
The name or the UID of the owner of the socket.
Timer
(this needs to be written)
Active UNIX
domain Sockets
Proto
The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.
RefCnt
The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this
socket).
Flags
The flags displayed is SO_ACCEPTON (displayed as
ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE
(N). SO_ACCECPTON is used on unconnected sockets if
their corresponding processes are waiting for a connect
request. The other flags are not of normal interest.
Type
There are several types of socket access:
SOCK_DGRAM
The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.
SOCK_STREAM
This is a stream (connection) socket.
SOCK_RAW
The socket is used as a raw socket.
SOCK_RDM
This one serves reliably-delivered messages.
SOCK_SEQPACKET
This is a sequential packet socket.
SOCK_PACKET
RAW interface access socket.
UNKNOWN
Who ever knows, what the future will bring us - just fill in here :-)
State
This field will contain one of the following Keywords:
|
FREE |
The socket is not allocated |
LISTENING
The socket is listening for a connection request. Those sockets are only displayed if the -a,--listening switch is set.
CONNECTING
The socket is about to establish a connection.
CONNECTED
The socket is connected.
DISCONNECTING
The socket is disconnecting.
(empty)
The socket is not connected to another one.
UNKNOWN
This state should never happen.
Path
This displays the path name as which the corresponding
processes attached to the socket.
Active IPX
sockets
(this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
Active
NET/ROM sockets
(this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
Active AX.25
sockets
(this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
/etc/services -- The services translation file
/proc/net/dev -- devices information
/proc/net/raw -- RAW socket information
/proc/net/tcp -- TCP socket information
/proc/net/udp -- UDP socket information
/proc/net/unix -- Unix domain socket information
/proc/net/ipx -- IPX socket information
/proc/net/ax25 -- AX25 socket information
/proc/net/appeltalk -- DDP (appeltalk) socket information
/proc/net/nr -- NET/ROM socket information
/proc/net/route -- Kernel IP routing information
/proc/net/ax25_route -- Kernel AX25 routing information
/proc/net/ipx_route -- Kernel IPX routing information
/proc/net/nr_nodes -- Kernel NET/ROM nodelist
/proc/net/nr_neigh -- Kernel NET/ROM neighbours
/proc/net/ip_masquerade -- Kernel masqueraded connections
route(8), ifconfig(8), ipfw(4), ipfw(8), ipfwadm(8)
Occasionally
strange information may appear if a socket changes as it is
viewed. This is unlikely to occur.
The netstat -i options is described as it should work
after some code cleanup of the BETA release of the net-tools
package.
The netstat
user interface was written by Fred Baumgarten
<dc6iq@insu1.etec.uni-karlsruhe.de> the man page
basically by Matt Welsh <mdw@tc.cornell.edu>. It was
updated by Alan Cox <Alan.Cox@linux.org> but could do
with a bit more work.
The man page and the command included in the net-tools
package is totally rewritten from Bernd Eckenfels
<ecki@linux.de>.
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netstat(8) | |