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Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :
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perltoc(1) |
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perltoc − perl documentation table of contents
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you’re looking for.
perl −
Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical
scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and
reusability, Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and
Extensible, POSIX compliant, Package
constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous
DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions
may now be autoloaded, Regular expression enhancements,
Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES
perlfaq
− frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
1997/04/24 22:46:06 $)
DESCRIPTION
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ , the
perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions About Perl, the
perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl,
the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools, the
perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, the
perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats, the
perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, the perlfaq7
manpage: General Perl Language Issues, the perlfaq8
manpage: System Interaction, the perlfaq9 manpage:
Networking
Where to get this document
How to contribute to this document
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems
to the
authors
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
Noncommercial Reproduction
Commercial Reproduction
Disclaimer
Changes
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
perlfaq1
− General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java,
Python, REXX ,
Scheme, or Tcl?
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn’t I program in Perl?
What’s the difference between
""""perl"""" and
""""Perl""""?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH ?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use
version
(5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2
− Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16
$, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don’t have a C compiler on my system. How can I
compile perl?
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
scripts don’t
work.
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
CPAN ?
What does CPAN/ src/... mean?
Is there an ISO or ANSI
certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET ?
Where do I post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
Access
What mailing lists are there for perl?
MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Perl Training
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3
− Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:42 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using
CGI or Tk?
Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
What is undump?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I get ’#!perl’ to work on [
MS − DOS ,
NT ,...]?
Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
Why don’t perl one-liners work on my
DOS/ Mac/ VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web
programming in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
I’ve read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can’t
embed perl in my C
program, what am I doing wrong?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does
it mean?
What’s MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4
− Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:43:57 $)
DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why isn’t my octal data interpreted correctly?
|
Does perl have a round function? |
What about ceil() and floor()? Trig |
functions?
How do I convert bits into ints?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren’t my random numbers random?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How can I compare two date strings?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring
within a
string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when
inside
[character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a
string?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What’s wrong with always quoting
""""$vars""""?
Why don’t my << HERE documents
work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can’t (easily) have any space in front of the tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don’t know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive integers:
How can I tell whether an array
contains a certain element?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I
compute the
intersection of two arrays?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition
is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
iterating over
it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What’s the difference between
""""delete"""" and
""""undef"""" with
hashes?
Why don’t my tied hashes make the defined/exists
distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a
DBM file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements
into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C
++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?
Data: Misc
How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a
number/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq5
− Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:02 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a
file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a
file?
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I
pass
filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of
filehandles?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
Why do I sometimes get an """"Argument
list too long"""" when I use
<*>?
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading
"""">"""" or
trailing blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
What can’t I just open( FH ,
"""">file.lock")?
I still don’t get locking. I just want to increment
the number in the
file. How can I do this?
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file’s timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file’s timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
How can I read a single character from a file? From the
keyboard?
How can I tell if there’s a character waiting on a
filehandle?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I create a file only if it doesn’t exist?
How do I do a tail -f in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
Why can’t I use
""""C:\temp\foo""""
in DOS paths? What doesn’t
’C:\temp\foo.exe’ work?
Why doesn’t glob’*.*’ get all the files?
Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does
-i clobber
protected files? Isn’t this a bug in Perl?
How do I select a random line from a file?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq6
− Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date:
1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
DESCRIPTION
How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
illegible
and unmaintainable code?
Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different Delimiters
I’m having trouble
matching over more than one line. What’s wrong?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
themselves on
different lines?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn’t work.
What’s wrong?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the
LHS , but preserving case
on the RHS ?
How can I make \w match accented characters?
How can I match a locale-smart version of
/[a-zA-Z]/?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
What is /o really for?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments
from a
file?
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get
around it?
How do I process each word on each line?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency
summary?
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
Why don’t word-boundary searches with \b work
for me?
Why does using $&, $’, or $’ slow my program
down?
What good is \G in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX
compliant?
What’s wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq7
− Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
DESCRIPTION
Can I get a BNF/ yacc/ RE for
the Perl language?
What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know
when to
use them?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons
and
commas?
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What’s an extension?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C
operators?
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What’s a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash,
Method,
Regexp}?
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, Passing Methods
How do I create a static
variable?
What’s the difference between dynamic and lexical
(static) scoping?
Between local() and my()?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named
lexical is
in scope?
What’s the difference between deep and shallow
binding?
Why doesn’t """"local($foo) = <
FILE >;"""" work
right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
What’s the difference between calling a function as
&foo and foo()?
How do I create a switch or case statement?
How can I catch accesses to undefined
variables/functions/methods?
Why can’t a method included in this same file be
found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq8
− System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $,
$Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:19 $)
DESCRIPTION
How do I find out which operating system I’m running
under?
How come exec() doesn’t return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I ask the user for a
password?
How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted
password files?
How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN , STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
How do I trap control
characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
handling)
Why doesn’t my sockets program work under System V
(Solaris)? What does
the error message """"Protocol not
supported"""" mean?
How can I call my system’s unique C functions from
Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can’t I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external
command?
Why doesn’t open() return an error when a pipe open
fails?
What’s wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can’t my script read from STDIN
after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z
on MS − DOS )?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl’s command line from
programs such as
""""ps""""?
|
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. |
come the change disappeared
when I exited the script? How do I get my
changes to be visible?
Unix, VMS
How do I close a
process’s filehandle without waiting for it to
complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
How do I find out if I’m running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a CPAN module?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the
module/library
search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under
POSIX ?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq9
− Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date:
1997/04/24 22:44:29 $)
DESCRIPTION
My CGI script runs from the command line but
not the browser. Can you
help me fix it?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user’s machine? How
do I open a file
on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML ?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
how do I decode or create those %−encodings on the
web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
How do I make sure users can’t enter values into a
form that cause my
CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse an email header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid email address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user’s email address?
How do I send/read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/ IP
address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perldelta
− what’s new for perl5.004
DESCRIPTION
Supported Environments
Core Changes
List assignment to % ENV works
""""Can’t locate Foo.pm in @
INC """" error now lists
@ INC
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$ PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on −M, −m, and
−T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods
Previously deprecated % OVERLOAD is no longer
usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they’re
modified
Group vector changeable with $)
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
No resetting of $. on implicit close
wantarray may return undef
eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in
scalar context
Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn’t look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised
Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO
::* classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax
$coderef->( PARAMS )
New and changed builtin constants
__PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables
$^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION , use Module VERSION LIST , prototype( FUNCTION ), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods
isa( CLASS ), can( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ NEED ] )
TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this LIST , READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
Malloc enhancements
- DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK , − DPACK_MALLOC , − DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
Miscellaneous efficiency
enhancements
Support for More Operating Systems
Win32
Plan 9
|
QNX |
AmigaOS
Pragmata
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2
sub3), use blib, use blib ’dir’, use constant
NAME => VALUE , use locale,
use ops, use vmsish
Modules
Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
|
IO |
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Utility Changes
pod2html
Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp
void XSUBs now default to returning nothing
C Language API
Changes
gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv,
perl_eval_pv, Extended API for
manipulating hashes
Documentation Changes
the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage,
the perllocale manpage, the perltoot manpage,
the perlapio manpage, the perlmodlib manpage,
the perldebug manpage, the perlsec manpage
New Diagnostics
"my" variable %s masks earlier
declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a
HASH element or slice, Allocation too large:
%lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to
%s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as
lvalue in substr, Can’t redefine active sort
subroutine %s, Can’t use bareword
("%s") as %s ref while "strict
refs" in use, Cannot resolve method ’%s’
overloading ’%s’ in package ’%s’,
Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant
subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s,
Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT :
%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer
overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed,
Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid
type in pack: ’%s’, Invalid type in unpack:
’%s’, Name "%s::%s" used only once:
possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside
string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for
%s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments
in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with
commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub
found while resolving method ’%s’ overloading
’%s’ in package ’%s’, Too late for
"−T" option, untie attempted while
%d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of
"$$<digit>" to mean
"${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of
%s can be "0"; test with
defined(), Variable "%s" may be
unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
Warning: something’s wrong, Ill-formed logical name
⎪%s⎪ in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX ,
PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by
SIG %s
BUGS
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perldata
− Perl data types
DESCRIPTION
Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Typeglobs and Filehandles
perlsyn
− Perl syntax
DESCRIPTION
Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
|
Goto |
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)
perlop
− Perl operators and precedence
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C−style Logical And
C−style Logical Or
Range Operator
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, ( TYPE )
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators
? PATTERN ?, m/ PATTERN/ cgimosx, / PATTERN/ cgimosx, q/ STRING /, ’STRING’, qq/ STRING /, " STRING ", qx/ STRING /, ’ STRING ’, qw/ STRING /, s/ PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/ egimosx, tr/ SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/ cds, y/ SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/ cds
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
perlre
− Perl regular expressions
DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions
(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
WARNING on \1 vs $1
SEE ALSO
perlrun
− how to execute the Perl interpreter
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2 , MS − DOS , Win95/ NT , Macintosh
Switches
−0[digits], −a, −c, −d, −d:foo, −Dletters, −Dnumber, −e commandline, −Fpattern, −h, −i[extension], −Idirectory, −l[octnum], −m[−]module, −M[−]module, −M[−]’module ...’, −[mM][−]module=arg[,arg]..., −n, −p, −P, −s, −S, −T, −u, −U, −v, −V, −V:name, −w, −x directory
ENVIRONMENT
HOME , LOGDIR , PATH ,
PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT ,
PERLLIB , PERL5DB ,
PERL5SHELL (specific to WIN32
port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS ,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
perlfunc
− Perl builtin functions
DESCRIPTION
I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE , −X EXPR , −X, abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET , GENERICSOCKET , alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET , NAME , binmode FILEHANDLE , bless REF , CLASSNAME , bless REF , caller EXPR , caller, chdir EXPR , chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp LIST , chomp, chop VARIABLE , chop LIST , chop, chown LIST , chr NUMBER , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, close FILEHANDLE , closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET , NAME , continue BLOCK , cos EXPR , crypt PLAINTEXT , SALT , dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH , DBNAME , MODE , defined EXPR , defined, delete EXPR , die LIST , do BLOCK , do SUBROUTINE ( LIST ), do EXPR , dump LABEL , each HASH , eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR , eval BLOCK , exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST , exists EXPR , exit EXPR , exp EXPR , exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE , FUNCTION , SCALAR , fileno FILEHANDLE , flock FILEHANDLE , OPERATION , fork, format, formline PICTURE , LIST , getc FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp PID , getppid, getpriority WHICH , WHO , getpwnam NAME , getgrnam NAME , gethostbyname NAME , getnetbyname NAME , getprotobyname NAME , getpwuid UID , getgrgid GID , getservbyname NAME , PROTO , gethostbyaddr ADDR , ADDRTYPE , getnetbyaddr ADDR , ADDRTYPE , getprotobynumber NUMBER , getservbyport PORT , PROTO , getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN , setnetent STAYOPEN , setprotoent STAYOPEN , setservent STAYOPEN , endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET , LEVEL , OPTNAME , glob EXPR , glob, gmtime EXPR , goto LABEL , goto EXPR , goto & NAME , grep BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR , LIST , hex EXPR , hex, import, index STR , SUBSTR , POSITION , index STR , SUBSTR , int EXPR , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE , FUNCTION , SCALAR , join EXPR , LIST , keys HASH , kill LIST , last LABEL , last, lc EXPR , lc, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, link OLDFILE , NEWFILE , listen SOCKET , QUEUESIZE , local EXPR , localtime EXPR , log EXPR , log, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR , lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR , LIST , mkdir FILENAME , MODE , msgctl ID , CMD , ARG , msgget KEY , FLAGS , msgsnd ID , MSG , FLAGS , msgrcv ID , VAR , SIZE , TYPE , FLAGS , my EXPR , next LABEL , next, no Module LIST , oct EXPR , oct, open FILEHANDLE , EXPR , open FILEHANDLE , opendir DIRHANDLE , EXPR , ord EXPR , ord, pack TEMPLATE , LIST , package NAMESPACE , pipe READHANDLE , WRITEHANDLE , pop ARRAY , pop, pos SCALAR , pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST , print LIST , print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT , LIST , printf FORMAT , LIST , prototype FUNCTION , push ARRAY , LIST , q/ STRING /, qq/ STRING /, qx/ STRING /, qw/ STRING /, quotemeta EXPR , quotemeta, rand EXPR , rand, read FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , OFFSET , read FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , readdir DIRHANDLE , readline EXPR , readlink EXPR , readlink, readpipe EXPR , recv SOCKET , SCALAR , LEN , FLAGS , redo LABEL , redo, ref EXPR , ref, rename OLDNAME , NEWNAME , require EXPR , require, reset EXPR , reset, return EXPR , return, reverse LIST , rewinddir DIRHANDLE , rindex STR , SUBSTR , POSITION , rindex STR , SUBSTR , rmdir FILENAME , rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR , seek FILEHANDLE , POSITION , WHENCE , seekdir DIRHANDLE , POS , select FILEHANDLE , select, select RBITS , WBITS , EBITS , TIMEOUT , semctl ID , SEMNUM , CMD , ARG , semget KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS , semop KEY , OPSTRING , send SOCKET , MSG , FLAGS , TO , send SOCKET , MSG , FLAGS , setpgrp PID , PGRP , setpriority WHICH , WHO , PRIORITY , setsockopt SOCKET , LEVEL , OPTNAME , OPTVAL , shift ARRAY , shift, shmctl ID , CMD , ARG , shmget KEY , SIZE , FLAGS , shmread ID , VAR , POS , SIZE , shmwrite ID , STRING , POS , SIZE , shutdown SOCKET , HOW , sin EXPR , sin, sleep EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET , DOMAIN , TYPE , PROTOCOL , socketpair SOCKET1 , SOCKET2 , DOMAIN , TYPE , PROTOCOL , sort SUBNAME LIST , sort BLOCK LIST , sort LIST , splice ARRAY , OFFSET , LENGTH , LIST , splice ARRAY , OFFSET , LENGTH , splice ARRAY , OFFSET , split / PATTERN /, EXPR , LIMIT , split / PATTERN /, EXPR , split / PATTERN /, split, sprintf FORMAT , LIST , sqrt EXPR , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR , stat, study SCALAR , study, sub BLOCK , sub NAME , sub NAME BLOCK , substr EXPR , OFFSET , LEN , substr EXPR , OFFSET , symlink OLDFILE , NEWFILE , syscall LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE , FILENAME , MODE , sysopen FILEHANDLE , FILENAME , MODE , PERMS , sysread FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , OFFSET , sysread FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , sysseek FILEHANDLE , POSITION , WHENCE , system LIST , system PROGRAM LIST , syswrite FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , OFFSET , syswrite FILEHANDLE , SCALAR , LENGTH , tell FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE , CLASSNAME , LIST , tied VARIABLE , time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE , LENGTH , truncate EXPR , LENGTH , uc EXPR , uc, ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR , undef, unlink LIST , unlink, unpack TEMPLATE , EXPR , untie VARIABLE , unshift ARRAY , LIST , use Module LIST , use Module, use Module VERSION LIST , use VERSION , utime LIST , values HASH , vec EXPR , OFFSET , BITS , wait, waitpid PID , FLAGS , wantarray, warn LIST , write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR , write, y///
perlvar
− Perl predefined variables
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names
$ ARG , $_, $<digit>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $’, $POSTMATCH, $’, $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR , $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR , $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $⎪, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR , $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $−, format_name HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR , $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^U, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}
perlsub
− Perl subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my()
Temporary Values via local()
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Builtin Functions
Autoloading
SEE ALSO
perlmod
− Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
DESCRIPTION
Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
SEE ALSO
perlmodlib
− constructing new Perl modules and finding existing
ones
DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, unsafe, vmsish, vars
Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN , CPAN:: FirstTime, CPAN:: Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils:: MM_OS2 , ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils:: MM_VMS , ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO , IO:: File, IO:: Handle, IO:: Pipe, IO:: Seekable, IO:: Select, IO:: Socket, IPC:: Open2, IPC:: Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX , SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL , User::grent, User::pwent
Extension Modules
CPAN
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device
Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data Types
and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User
Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming
Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see
also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text
Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, Argument,
Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security,
and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML ,
HTTP , CGI ,
MIME , Server and Daemon Utilities, Archiving
and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation,
Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow
Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and
Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules,
Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South
America
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice − see below, Prerequisites − what else you may need to have, How to build it − possible changes to Makefile. PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take care when changing a released module
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ’ to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the ’application’ can then be reduced to a small
NOTE
perlform
− Perl formats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perllocale
− Perl locale handling (internationalization and
localization)
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permantently fixing your locale configuration
Permanently fixing the system locale configuration
The localeconv function
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE : Collation
Category LC_CTYPE : Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC : Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY : Formatting of monetary
amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
Comparison operators (lt, le,
ge, gt and cmp):, Case-mapping
interpolation (with \l, \L,
\u or <\U>), Matching operator
(m//):, Substitution operator
(s///):, In-memory formatting function
(sprintf()):, Output formatting functions
(printf() and write()):, Case-mapping
functions (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(),
ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent
functions (localeconv(),
strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):,
POSIX character class tests
(isalnum(), isalpha(),
isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(),
isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(),
isupper(), isxdigit()):
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG , LC_ALL ,
LC_CTYPE , LC_COLLATE ,
LC_MONETARY , LC_NUMERIC ,
LC_TIME , LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perlref
− Perl references and nested data structures
DESCRIPTION
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perldsc
− Perl Data Structures Cookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes
of hashes, more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
LISTS OF LISTS
Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
HASHES OF LISTS
Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
LISTS OF HASHES
Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perllol,
perlLoL − Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perltoot
− Tom’s object-oriented tutorial for perl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL : The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD : Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlobj
− Perl objects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa( CLASS ), can( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ NEED ] )
Destructors
WARNING
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perltie
− how to hide an object class in a simple variable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST , FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes
USER , HOME , CLOBBER , LIST , TIEHASH classname, LIST , FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this LIST , READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
The untie Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlbot
− Bag’o Object Tricks (the BOT
)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perlipc
− Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Named Pipes
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO:: Socket
A Simple Client
Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO:: Socket
TCP Servers with IO:: Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP : Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perldebug
− Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], < CR >, c [line⎪sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, −, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, < [ command ], << command, > command, >> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! −number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H −number, q or ^D, R, ⎪dbcmd, ⎪⎪dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time
statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler
Debugger support in perl
Debugger Internals
Other resources
BUGS
perldiag
− various Perl diagnostics
DESCRIPTION
perlsec
− Perl security
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the
""""#!"""" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
perltrap
− Perl traps for the unwary
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps − scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
Context Traps − scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won’t let you specify a filehandle
OS Traps
(SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
DBM Traps
DBM , DBM
Unclassified Traps
require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with LIMIT specified
perlstyle
− Perl style guide
DESCRIPTION
perlpod
− plain old documentation
DESCRIPTION
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Common Pod Pitfalls
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlbook
− Perl book information
DESCRIPTION
perlembed
− how to embed perl in your C program
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your
C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from
your C
program
Embedding Perl under Win32
MORAL
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlapio
− perl’s IO abstraction
interface.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PerlIO *, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(),
PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode),
PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode),
PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),
PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a),
PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),
PerlIO_read(f,buf,count),
PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f),
PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f),
PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f),
PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f),
PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_tell(f),
PerlIO_seek(f,o,w), PerlIO_getpos(f,p),
PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f),
PerlIO_tmpfile()
Co-existence with stdio
PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PerlIO_findFILE(f), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
perlxs
− XS language reference manual
DESCRIPTION
Introduction
On The Road
The Anatomy of an XSUB
The Argument Stack
The RETVAL Variable
The MODULE Keyword
The PACKAGE Keyword
The PREFIX Keyword
The OUTPUT : Keyword
The CODE : Keyword
The INIT : Keyword
The NO_INIT Keyword
Initializing Function Parameters
Default Parameter Values
The PREINIT : Keyword
The SCOPE : Keyword
The INPUT : Keyword
Variable-length Parameter Lists
The PPCODE : Keyword
Returning Undef And Empty Lists
The REQUIRE : Keyword
The CLEANUP : Keyword
The BOOT : Keyword
The VERSIONCHECK : Keyword
The PROTOTYPES : Keyword
The PROTOTYPE : Keyword
The ALIAS : Keyword
The INCLUDE : Keyword
The CASE : Keyword
The & Unary Operator
Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
Using XS With C ++
Interface Strategy
Perl Objects And C Structures
The Typemap
EXAMPLES
XS VERSION
AUTHOR
perlxstut,
perlXStut − Tutorial for XSUBs
DESCRIPTION
VERSION CAVEAT
DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
WHAT HAS GONE ON ?
WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
EXAMPLE 3
WHAT ’S NEW HERE ?
INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
THE XSUBPP COMPILER
THE TYPEMAP FILE
WARNING
EXAMPLE 4
WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE ?
SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
THE ARGUMENT STACK
EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
SEE ALSO
Author
Last Changed
perlguts
− Perl’s Internal Functions
DESCRIPTION
Variables
Datatypes
What is an """" IV
""""?
Working with SVs
What’s Really Stored in an SV ?
Working with AVs
Working with HVs
Hash API Extensions
References
Blessed References and Class Objects
Creating New Variables
Reference Counts and Mortality
Stashes and Globs
Double-Typed SVs
Magic Variables
Assigning Magic
Magic Virtual Tables
Finding Magic
Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Localizing changes
SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr)
Subroutines
XSUBs and the Argument Stack
Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
Memory Allocation
PerlIO
Putting a C value on Perl stack
Scratchpads
Scratchpads and recursion
Compiled code
Code tree
Examining the tree
Compile pass 1: check routines
Compile pass 1a: constant folding
Compile pass 2: context propagation
Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
API LISTING
AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make,
av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
CLASS , Copy, croak, CvSTASH, DBsingle,
DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS,
dXSI32, ENTER , EXTEND ,
FREETMPS , G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL,
GIMME , GIMME_V , G_NOARGS,
G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV,
HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY,
HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent,
hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext,
hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER,
isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE ,
MARK , mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc,
Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv,
newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS,
newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
ORIGMARK , perl_alloc, perl_call_argv,
perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv,
perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv,
perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi,
POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK , PUSHi,
PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK , Renew, Renewc,
RETVAL , safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc,
savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS , SP
, SPAGAIN , ST , strEQ, strGE,
strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal,
sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp,
SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq,
SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN,
sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no,
SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on,
SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on,
SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvTAINT,
SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, sv_setiv, sv_setnv,
sv_setpv, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV,
SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV,
SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef,
sv_unref, sv_usepvn, sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen,
args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_vsetpvfn(sv,
pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), sv_yes,
THIS , toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi,
XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS ,
XSRETURN , XSRETURN_EMPTY ,
XSRETURN_IV , XSRETURN_NO ,
XSRETURN_NV , XSRETURN_PV ,
XSRETURN_UNDEF , XSRETURN_YES
, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
XS_VERSION ,
XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK , Zero
EDITOR
DATE
perlcall
− Perl calling conventions from C
DESCRIPTION
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv,
perl_call_method, perl_call_argv
FLAG VALUES
G_VOID
G_SCALAR
G_ARRAY
G_DISCARD
G_NOARGS
G_EVAL
G_KEEPERR
Determining the Context
KNOWN PROBLEMS
EXAMPLES
No Parameters, Nothing returned
Passing Parameters
Returning a Scalar
Returning a list of values
Returning a list in a scalar context
Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
Using G_EVAL
Using G_KEEPERR
Using perl_call_sv
Using perl_call_argv
Using perl_call_method
Using GIMME_V
Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem − Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks − hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
DATE
perlhist
− the Perl history records
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
PUMPKIN ?
THE RECORDS
SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
SELECTED PATCH SIZES
THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
autouse
− postpone load of modules until a function is
used
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
base −
Establish IS −A relationship with base
class at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
blib −
Use MakeMaker’s uninstalled version of a package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
constant
− Perl pragma to declare constants
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
TECHNICAL NOTE
BUGS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
diagnostics
− Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
diagnostics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The diagnostics Pragma
The splain Program
EXAMPLES
INTERNALS
BUGS
AUTHOR
integer
− Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead
of double
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
less −
perl pragma to request less of something from the
compiler
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
lib −
manipulate @INC at compile time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @ INC
DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @ INC
RESTORING ORIGINAL @ INC
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
locale
− Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX
locales for built-in operations
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ops − Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
|
SYNOPSIS |
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
overload
− Package for overloading perl operations
SYNOPSIS
CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
DESCRIPTION
Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
FALSE , TRUE , undef
Calling Conventions for Unary
Operations
Overloadable Operations
Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Special
Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes
SPECIAL SYMBOLS
FOR use overload
Last Resort
Fallback
undef, TRUE , defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor
Example
MAGIC
AUTOGENERATION
Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
operations, Increment and decrement,
abs($a), Unary minus, Negation,
Concatenation, Comparison operations, Copy
operator
WARNING
Run-time Overloading
Public functions
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
overload::Method(obj,op)
IMPLEMENTATION
AUTHOR
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
sigtrap
− Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
SIGNAL HANDLERS
stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
SIGNAL LISTS
normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
OTHER
untrapped, any, signal, number
EXAMPLES
strict
− Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
strict refs, strict vars, strict
subs
subs −
Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
unsafe
− Perl pragma to allow unsafe constructs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
unsafe taint, unsafe ARGV
vars −
Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AnyDBM_File
− provide framework for multiple DBMs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DBM Comparisons
[0], [1], [2], [3]
SEE ALSO
AutoLoader
− load subroutines only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Subroutine Stubs
Using AutoLoader’s AUTOLOAD
Subroutine
Overriding AutoLoader’s AUTOLOAD
Subroutine
Package Lexicals
AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AutoSplit
− split a package for autoloading
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
DIAGNOSTICS
Benchmark
− benchmark running times of code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods
new, debug
Standard Exports
timeit( COUNT , CODE ), timethis ( COUNT , CODE , [ TITLE , [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT , CODEHASHREF , [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF , [ STYLE , [ FORMAT ]] )
Optional Exports
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
NOTES
INHERITANCE
CAVEATS
AUTHORS
MODIFICATION HISTORY
Bundle::
CPAN − A bundle to play with all the
other modules on CPAN
SYNOPSIS
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
CGI
− Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
INSTALLATION
DESCRIPTION
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT :
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT
FILE
FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE
QUERY :
FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR
SCRIPT :
FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE
NAMED PARAMETER :
SETTING THE VALUE (S) OF A
NAMED PARAMETER :
APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED
PARAMETER :
IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A
NAMESPACE :
DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY :
DELETING ALL PARAMETERS :
SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A
FILE :
CREATING A SELF −
REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE
INFORMATION :
COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI − LIB .
PL
CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
CREATING THE HTTP HEADER :
GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
CREATING THE HTML HEADER :
Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
ENDING THE HTML
DOCUMENT :
CREATING FORMS
CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
CREATING A TEXT FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A
BIG TEXT FIELD
CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
Parameters
CREATING A
POPUP MENU
CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
Parameters:
CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
Parameters:
CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
Parameters:
CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
Parameters:
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
Parameters:
CREATING A
RESET BUTTON
CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
Parameters:
CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
Parameters:, 3.The third option (−align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP , BOTTOM or MIDDLE
CREATING A
JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
NETSCAPE COOKIES
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
"secure" flag, −name,
−value, −path,
−domain, −expires,
−secure
WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the
destination for the document in the HTTP
header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the
< FORM > tag
LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
DEBUGGING
DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(),
path_info(), path_translated(),
remote_host(), script_name()Return the script
name as a partial URL , for self-refering
scripts, referer(), auth_type (),
server_name (), virtual_host (),
server_software (), remote_user (),
user_name (), request_method()
CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
Generating new HTML tags
IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
cgi, form, html2, html3,
netscape, shortcuts, standard,
all
USING NPH SCRIPTS
In the use statementSimply add ":nph" to
the list of symbols to be imported into your script:, By
calling the nph() method:, By using −nph
parameters in the header() and redirect()
statements:
AUTHOR INFORMATION
CREDITS
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish
<sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin
(tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent
Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard Resnick
(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop
(csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
(k@franz.ww. TU −Berlin.
DE ), Tim MacKenzie
(Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
(joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David
Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE
FORM − BASED SCRIPT
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::
Apache − Make things work with CGI
.pm against Perl-Apache API
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE 1
NOTE 2
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CGI::
Carp, CGI:: Carp −
CGI routines for writing to the
HTTPD (or other) error log
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
CHANGE LOG
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO
CGI::
Fast − CGI Interface for Fast
CGI
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::
Push − Simple Interface to Server Push
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USING CGI:: Push
-next_page, −last_page, −type, −delay,
−cookie, −target, −expires
INSTALLING CGI:: Push SCRIPTS
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
CGI::
Switch − Try more than one constructors and return
the first object available
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CPAN
− query, download and build perl modules from
CPAN sites
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Interactive Mode
|
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean |
modules or distributions, readme, look module or distribution |
CPAN:: Shell
autobundle
recompile
The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,
Distribution
Programmer’s interface
expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
Methods in the four
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
CONFIGURATION
o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option>
<value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list
option> [shift⎪pop], o conf <list option>
[unshift⎪push⎪splice] <list>
CD − ROM support
SECURITY
EXPORT
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
CPAN::
FirstTime − Utility for CPAN::
Config file Initialization
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CPANox,
CPAN:: Nox − Wrapper around
CPAN .pm without using any XS
module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
Carp, carp
− warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Forcing a Stack Trace
Class::Struct
− declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The struct() function
Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar (’$’ or ’*$’), Array (’@’ or ’*@’), Hash (’%’ or ’*%’), Class (’Class_Name’ or ’*Class_Name’)
EXAMPLES
Example 1, Example 2
Author and Modification History
Config
− access Perl configuration information
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
myconfig(), config_sh(),
config_vars(@names)
EXAMPLE
WARNING
NOTE
Cwd, getcwd
− get pathname of current working directory
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DB_File
− Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DB_HASH , DB_BTREE ,
DB_RECNO
Interface to Berkeley DB
Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
Default Parameters
In Memory Databases
DB_HASH
A Simple Example
DB_BTREE
Changing the BTREE sort order
Handling Duplicate Keys
The get_dup() Method
Matching Partial Keys
DB_RECNO
The ’bval’ Option
A Simple Example
Extra Methods
$X−>push(list) ;, $value = $X−>pop ;, $X−>shift, $X−>unshift(list) ;, $X−>length
Another Example
THE API INTERFACE
$status = $X−>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;,
$status = $X−>put($key, $value [, $flags])
;, $status = $X−>del($key [, $flags]) ;,
$status = $X−>fd ;, $status =
$X−>seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status =
$X−>sync([$flags]) ;
HINTS AND TIPS
Locking Databases
Sharing Databases With C Applications
The untie() Gotcha
COMMON QUESTIONS
Why is there Perl source in my database?
How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
What does """"Invalid
Argument"""" mean?
What does """"Bareword
’DB_File’ not allowed""""
mean?
HISTORY
BUGS
AVAILABILITY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Devel::SelfStubber
− generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DirHandle
− supply object methods for directory handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DynaLoader
− Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using,
@dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug,
dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(),
dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(),
dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
bootstrap()
AUTHOR
English
− use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
variables
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Env −
perl module that imports environment variables
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Exporter
− Implements default import method for modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Selecting What To Export
Specialised Import Lists
Exporting without using Export’s import method
Module Version Checking
Managing Unknown Symbols
Tag Handling Utility Functions
ExtUtils::Command
− utilities to replace common UNIX
commands in Makefiles etc.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch
files .., mv source... destination, cp source...
destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath directory.., test_f
file
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Embed
− Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C
++ applications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@ EXPORT
FUNCTIONS
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples,
perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
ccopts(), xsi_header(),
xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Install
− install files from here to there
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Liblist
− determine libraries to use and how to use them
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic
extensions
EXTRALIBS
LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
BSLOADLIBS
PORTABILITY
VMS implementation
Win32 implementation
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::
MM_OS2 − methods to override
UN *X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::MM_Unix
− methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS
Preloaded methods
canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
SelfLoaded methods
c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::
MM_VMS − methods to override
UN *X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Methods always loaded
eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override)
SelfLoaded methods
guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext (override)
ExtUtils::MM_Win32
− methods to override UN *X behaviour
in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o),
dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib,
test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
(o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o),
dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
ExtUtils::MakeMaker
− create an extension Makefile
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
How To Write A Makefile. PL
Default Makefile Behaviour
make test
make testdb
make install
PREFIX and LIB attribute
AFS users
Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
Which architecture dependent directory?
Using Attributes and Parameters
C, CCFLAGS , CONFIG , CONFIGURE , DEFINE , DIR , DISTNAME , DL_FUNCS , DL_VARS , EXCLUDE_EXT , EXE_FILES , NO_VC , FIRST_MAKEFILE , FULLPERL , H, IMPORTS , INC , INCLUDE_EXT , INSTALLARCHLIB , INSTALLBIN , INSTALLDIRS , INSTALLMAN1DIR , INSTALLMAN3DIR , INSTALLPRIVLIB , INSTALLSCRIPT , INSTALLSITELIB , INSTALLSITEARCH , INST_ARCHLIB , INST_BIN , INST_EXE , INST_LIB , INST_MAN1DIR , INST_MAN3DIR , INST_SCRIPT , LDFROM , LIBPERL_A , LIB , LIBS , LINKTYPE , MAKEAPERL , MAKEFILE , MAN1PODS , MAN3PODS , MAP_TARGET , MYEXTLIB , NAME , NEEDS_LINKING , NOECHO , NORECURS , OBJECT , OPTIMIZE , PERL , PERLMAINCC , PERL_ARCHLIB , PERL_LIB , PERL_SRC , PL_FILES , PM , PMLIBDIRS , PREFIX , PREREQ_PM , SKIP , TYPEMAPS , VERSION , VERSION_FROM , XS , XSOPT , XSPROTOARG , XS_VERSION
Additional lowercase attributes
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, tool_autosplit
Overriding MakeMaker Methods
Hintsfile support
Distribution Support
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
ExtUtils::Manifest
− utilities to write and check a
MANIFEST file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST . SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS
Not in MANIFEST: file, No such file:
file, MANIFEST: $!, Added to
MANIFEST: file
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
ExtUtils::Miniperl,
writemain − write the C code for perlmain.c
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
− make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ExtUtils::Mksymlists
− write linker options files for dynamic extension
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NAME , DL_FUNCS ,
DL_VARS , FILE ,
FUNCLIST , DLBASE
AUTHOR
REVISION
ExtUtils::testlib
− add blib/* directories to @INC
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Fcntl
− load the C Fcntl.h defines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS
File::Basename,
fileparse − split a pathname into pieces
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES
basename, dirname
File::CheckTree,
validate − run many filetest checks on a tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
File::Compare
− Compare files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::Copy
− Copy files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Special behavior if syscopy is defined (
VMS and OS/2 )
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
RETURN
AUTHOR
File::DosGlob
− DOS like globbing and then some
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
File::Find,
find − traverse a file tree
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
File::Path
− create or remove a series of directories
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
REVISION
File::stat
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
stat() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
FileCache
− keep more files open than the system permits
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
FileHandle
− supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
$fh->print, $fh−>printf,
$fh−>getline,
$fh−>getlines
SEE ALSO
FindBin
− Locate directory of original perl script
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION
GDBM_File
− Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO
Getopt::Long,
GetOptions − extended processing of command line
options
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
<none>, !, :s, :i, :f
Linkage specification
Aliases and abbreviations
Non-option call-back routine
Option starters
Return value
COMPATIBILITY
EXAMPLES
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute,
bundling (default: reset), bundling_override (default:
reset), ignore_case (default: set), ignore_case_always
(default: reset), pass_through (default: reset), debug
(default: reset)
OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
$Getopt::Long:: VERSION ,
$Getopt::Long::error
Getopt::Std,
getopt − Process single-character switches with switch
clustering
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
I18N::Collate
− compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
locale
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IO
− load various IO modules
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IO::
File − supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [, MODE [,
PERMS ]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::
Handle − supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD ,
MODE )
METHODS
$fh->fdopen ( FD , MODE ),
$fh−>opened,
$fh−>getline,
$fh−>getlines,
$fh−>ungetc ( ORD ),
$fh−>write ( BUF ,
LEN [, OFFSET }\] ),
$fh−>flush, $fh−>error,
$fh−>clearerr,
$fh−>untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::
Pipe, IO:: pipe − supply object
methods for pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRCUTOR
new ( [ READER , WRITER ] )
METHODS
reader ([ ARGS ]), writer ([
ARGS ]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::
Seekable − supply seek based methods for I/O
objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::
Select − OO interface to the select
system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove (
HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write
( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
bits(), select ( READ ,
WRITE , ERROR [,
TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::
Socket − Object interface to socket
communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ ARGS ] )
METHODS
accept([ PKG ]), timeout([
VAL ]), sockopt( OPT [,
VAL ]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol
SUB − CLASSES
IO:: Socket:: INET
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()
IO:: Socket::
UNIX
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::
lib:: IO:: File, IO:: File
− supply object methods for filehandles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS
open( FILENAME [, MODE [,
PERMS ]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::
lib:: IO:: Handle, IO::
Handle − supply object methods for I/O handles
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new (), new_from_fd ( FD ,
MODE )
METHODS
$fh->fdopen ( FD , MODE ),
$fh−>opened,
$fh−>getline,
$fh−>getlines,
$fh−>ungetc ( ORD ),
$fh−>write ( BUF ,
LEN [, OFFSET }\] ),
$fh−>flush, $fh−>error,
$fh−>clearerr,
$fh−>untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY
IO::
lib:: IO:: Pipe, IO:: pipe
− supply object methods for pipes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRCUTOR
new ( [ READER , WRITER ] )
METHODS
reader ([ ARGS ]), writer ([
ARGS ]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::
lib:: IO:: Seekable, IO::
Seekable − supply seek based methods for I/O
objects
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
IO::
lib:: IO:: Select, IO::
Select − OO interface to the select
system call
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS
add ( HANDLES ), remove (
HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write
( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [
TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
bits(), select ( READ ,
WRITE , ERROR [,
TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IO::
lib:: IO:: Socket, IO::
Socket − Object interface to socket communications
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR
new ( [ ARGS ] )
METHODS
accept([ PKG ]), timeout([
VAL ]), sockopt( OPT [,
VAL ]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol
SUB − CLASSES
IO:: Socket:: INET
METHODS
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()
IO:: Socket::
UNIX
METHODS
hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
IPC::
Open2, open2 − open a process for both reading and
writing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO
IPC::
Open3, open3 − open a process for reading, writing,
and error handling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
Math::BigFloat
− Arbitrary length float math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
number format, Error returns ’NaN’, Division is
computed to
BUGS
AUTHOR
Math::BigInt
− Arbitrary size integer math package
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Canonical notation, Input, Output
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR
Math::Complex
− complex numbers and associated mathematical
functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPERATIONS
CREATION
STRINGIFICATION
USAGE
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
BUGS
AUTHORS
Math::Trig
− trigonometric functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
SIMPLE ( REAL )
ARGUMENTS , COMPLEX RESULTS
ANGLE CONVERSIONS
BUGS
AUTHORS
NDBM_File
− Tied access to ndbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Net::Ping
− check a remote host for reachability
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Functions
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p−>ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p−>close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
WARNING
NOTES
Net::hostent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
gethost*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::netent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in getnet*()
functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::protoent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
getproto*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Net::servent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
getserv*() functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR
ODBM_File
− Tied access to odbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Opcode
− Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a
negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
Opcode Functions
opcodes, opset ( OP , ...), opset_to_ops (
OPSET ), opset_to_hex ( OPSET
), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (
OPSET ), verify_opset ( OPSET
, ...), define_optag ( OPTAG ,
OPSET ), opmask_add ( OPSET ),
opmask, opdesc ( OP , ...), opdump (
PAT )
Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)
Predefined Opcode Tags
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
:base_math, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse,
:filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess,
:others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Opcode::Safe,
Safe − Compile and execute code in restricted
compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit ( OP , ...), permit_only ( OP , ...), deny ( OP , ...), deny_only ( OP , ...), trap ( OP , ...), untrap ( OP , ...), share ( NAME , ...), share_from ( PACKAGE , ARRAYREF ), varglob ( VARNAME ), reval ( STRING ), rdo ( FILENAME ), root ( NAMESPACE ), mask ( MASK )
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU , Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Opcode::ops,
ops − Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
compiling
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
POSIX
− Perl interface to IEEE Std
1003.1
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch,
calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close,
closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid,
difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp,
execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl,
fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno,
floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs,
fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat,
ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin,
getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid,
gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph,
islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill,
labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime,
modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause,
perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort,
raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending,
sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep,
sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp,
strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn,
strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf,
system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp,
tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam,
tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait,
waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write
CLASSES
POSIX:: SigAction
new
POSIX:: SigSet
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
POSIX:: Termios
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values
PATHNAME
CONSTANTS
Constants
POSIX CONSTANTS
Constants
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants
ERRNO
Constants
FCNTL
Constants
FLOAT
Constants
LIMITS
Constants
LOCALE
Constants
MATH
Constants
SIGNAL
Constants
STAT
Constants, Macros
STDLIB
Constants
STDIO
Constants
TIME
Constants
UNISTD
Constants
WAIT
Constants, Macros
CREATION
Pod::Html,
Pod:: HTML − module to convert pod
files to HTML
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS
help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods,
netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse,
title, verbose
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
BUGS
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
Pod::Text
− convert POD data to formatted
ASCII text
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
TODO
SDBM_File
− Tied access to sdbm files
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Safe −
Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
a new namespace, an operator mask
WARNING
RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe
permit ( OP , ...), permit_only ( OP , ...), deny ( OP , ...), deny_only ( OP , ...), trap ( OP , ...), untrap ( OP , ...), share ( NAME , ...), share_from ( PACKAGE , ARRAYREF ), varglob ( VARNAME ), reval ( STRING ), rdo ( FILENAME ), root ( NAMESPACE ), mask ( MASK )
Some Safety Issues
Memory, CPU , Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR
Search::Dict,
look − search for key in dictionary file
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelectSaver
− save and restore selected file handle
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SelfLoader
− load functions only on demand
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The __DATA__ token
SelfLoader autoloading
Autoloading and package lexicals
SelfLoader and AutoLoader
__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA
filehandle.
Classes and inherited methods.
Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
Shell
− run shell commands transparently within perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Socket,
sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa − load
the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
inet_aton HOSTNAME , inet_ntoa
IP_ADDRESS , INADDR_ANY ,
INADDR_BROADCAST ,
INADDR_LOOPBACK , INADDR_NONE
, sockaddr_in PORT , ADDRESS ,
sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN , pack_sockaddr_in
PORT , IP_ADDRESS ,
unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN , sockaddr_un
PATHNAME , sockaddr_un
SOCKADDR_UN , pack_sockaddr_un
PATH , unpack_sockaddr_un
SOCKADDR_UN
Symbol
− manipulate Perl symbols and their names
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Sys::Hostname
− Try every conceivable way to get hostname
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
Syslog,
Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog −
Perl interface to the UNIX
syslog(3) calls
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
openlog $ident, $logopt,
$facility, syslog $priority,
$format, @args, setlogmask
$mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type
(added in 5.004_03) Sets the socket type to be used for the
next call to openlog() or syslog().
A value of
’unix’ will connect to the UNIX
domain socket returned by _PATH_LOG in
syslog.ph. If syslog.ph fails to define
_PATH_LOG, setlogsock returns
undef; otherwise a true value is returned. A value
of ’inet’ will connect to an INET
socket returned by getservbyname(). Any other value
croaks, closelog
EXAMPLES
DEPENDENCIES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Term::Cap
− Perl termcap interface
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Term::Complete
− Perl word completion module
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
<tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR
Term::ReadLine
− Perl interface to various readline
packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs
instead of basic functions.
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions
ReadLine, new, readline,
addhistory, IN, $OUT,
MinLine, findConsole, Attribs,
Features
Additional supported functions
tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT
Test::Harness
− run perl standard test scripts with statistics
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
The test script output
EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS
All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s,
FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%%
okay., Test returned status %d (wstat %d),
Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s, Failed %d/%d
tests, %.2f%% okay. %s
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
BUGS
Text::Abbrev,
abbrev − create an abbreviation table from a list
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
Text::ParseWords
− parse text into an array of tokens
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS
Text::Soundex
− Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
by Knuth
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR
Text::Tabs
-- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix
expand(1) and unexpand(1)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR
Text::Wrap
− line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
BUGS
AUTHOR
Tie::Hash,
Tie::StdHash − base class definitions for tied
hashes
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIEHASH classname, LIST ,
STORE this, key, value, FETCH
this, key, FIRSTKEY this,
NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS
this, key, DELETE this, key,
CLEAR this
CAVEATS
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::RefHash
− use references as hash keys
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO
Tie::Scalar,
Tie::StdScalar − base class definitions for tied
scalars
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
TIESCALAR classname, LIST ,
FETCH this, STORE this, value,
DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
Tie::SubstrHash
− Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
Time::Local
− efficiently compute time from local and
GMT time
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Time::gmtime
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
gmtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::localtime
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in
localtime() function
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Time::tm
− internal object used by Time::gmtime and
Time::localtime
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
UNIVERSAL
− base class for ALL classes
(blessed references)
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ),
VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
UNIVERSAL:: isa ( VAL ,
TYPE ), UNIVERSAL:: can (
VAL , METHOD )
User::grent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in getgr*()
functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
User::pwent
− by-name interface to Perl’s built-in getpw*()
functions
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR
Here should be
listed all the extra programs’ documentation, but they
don’t all have manual pages yet:
a2p
s2p
find2perl
h2ph
c2ph
h2xs
xsubpp
pod2man
wrapsuid
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of other folks.
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