GNU/Linux man pages
Livre :
Expressions régulières,
Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :
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chpasswd(8) |
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chpasswd − aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo
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chpasswd [opzioni] |
The chpasswd command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:
nome_utente:password
By default the passwords must be supplied in clear−text, and are encrypted by chpasswd. Also the password age will be updated, if present.
By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the −e, −m, or −c options.
Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords, chpasswd first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occured for any user.
When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated chpasswd continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit.
Questo comando è appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessità di creare molti account nello stesso momento.
Il comando chpasswd accetta le seguenti opzioni:
−c, −−crypt−method METHOD
Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords.
The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods.
By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords.
−e, −−encrypted
Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata.
−h, −−help
Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce.
−m, −−md5
Usa la cifratura MD5 anziché DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate.
−s, −−sha−rounds ROUNDS
Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords.
The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds for the crypt method (5000).
A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced.
You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method.
By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs.
Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users.
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)
When ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to SHA256 or SHA512, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line).
With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.
If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000).
The values must be inside the 1000−999999999 range.
If only one of the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.
If SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.
Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.
/etc/passwd
informazioni sugli account utente.
/etc/shadow
Informazioni sicure sugli account di utenti.
/etc/login.defs
Shadow password suite configuration.
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd
PAM configuration for chpasswd.
passwd(1), newusers(8), login.defs(5), useradd(8).
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chpasswd(8) | |