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GNU/Linux |
CentOS 3.3 |
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vmstat(8) |
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vmstat − display virtual memory statistics
vmstat [flags] [delay [count]]
The vmstat(8) utility reports statistical information about process status, memory consumption, paging activity, block I/O operations, interrupts, context switches, and processor usage.
The vmstat(8) utility is most commonly used to produce a continuous report every delay seconds. In this mode, the first report given is the average of the statistics since system boot. Each subsequent line pertains to that sampling period (that is, the last delay seconds). If no delay value is given, only one report is given, which is the average since system boot.
The optional count value specifies a maximum number of reports to print before terminating. By default (that is, when no count value is given) vmstat(8) will continue to print reports every delay seconds until interrupted.
Normal
invocation of vmstat(8) does not require any options.
The output, however, can be fine-tuned by specifying one or
more of the following flags:
−−active, −a
Display active and inactive memory statistics in lieu of the buffer and cache statistics.
−−noheaders, −n
Do not regularly update the header describing each column. Normally, the header is periodically reprinted to ensure it is always viewable.
−−bytes, −b
Display the statistics in bytes.
−−kb, −kb
Display the statistics in kilobytes. This is the default.
−−mb, −m
Display the statistics in megabytes.
−−gb, -g
Display the statistics in gigabytes. Note that the translation silently rounds down any underflow and displays the result as an integer. This means that the translation is efficient and simple, but that a large unit (i.e., MB or GB) with small statistics will display zero and not a decimal fraction.
−−version, −V
Display version information and then exit.
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−-help |
Display usage information and then exit. |
procs
r: The number of runnable processes (that is, processes
running or
waiting to run).
b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.
memory
swpd : the amount of memory paged to disk (in KB by default)
free : the amount of free physical memory (in KB by default)
buff : the amount of memory consumed by buffers (in KB by
default)
inact : the amount of memory on the inactive list (in KB by
default)
active: the amount of memory on the active list (in KB by
default)
swap
si: the amount of memory paged in from disk (in KB/s by
default)
so: the amount of memory paged out to disk (in KB/s by
default)
io
bi: blocks sent out to a block device (in blocks/s)
bo: blocks received from a block device (in blocks/s)
system
in: the number of interrupts received (in interrupts/s)
cs: the number of context switches (in switches/s)
cpu
us: percentage of total processor time consumed by
user-space
sy: percentage of total processor time consumed by the
kernel
wa: percentage of total processor time spent in I/O wait
id: percentage of total processor time spent idle
The current implementation of vmstat(8) does not display the traditional "w" field under "procs". This is because Linux is a demand paging operating system and does not support the notion of swapping out entire processes. Thus this statistic is worthless. Older versions of vmstat(8) just displayed a hardcoded zero for this value. Even older versions calculated the field based on the number of RSS pages the process owns. Although this is a close analogy to the concept of "swapped out", it is still a misleading statistic as the Linux kernel has not explicitly decided to swap to disk the entire process.
This version of vmstat(8) displays I/O wait statistics as "wa" under the "cpu" section. This field is not part of traditional vmstat(8) implementations, but Linux kernels since 2.5 have exported this (very useful) information. Earlier kernels will simply display zero for this field.
/proc/meminfo
−− memory information
/proc/stat −− system statistics
/proc/[1-9]*/stat −− process statistics
ps(1), top(1), free(1)
Written by Robert Love.
The procps package is maintained by Robert Love and was created by Michael Johnson.
Send bug reports to <procps-list@redhat.com>.
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vmstat(8) | |