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	POSIX(3pm)

POSIX

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
CAVEATS
FUNCTIONS
CLASSES
PATHNAME CONSTANTS
POSIX CONSTANTS
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
ERRNO
FCNTL
FLOAT
LIMITS
LOCALE
MATH
SIGNAL
STAT
STDLIB
STDIO
TIME
UNISTD
WAIT

NAME

POSIX − Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

SYNOPSIS

    use POSIX;
    use POSIX qw(setsid);
    use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
    printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
    $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();

    $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT⎪O_EXCL⎪O_WRONLY, 0644);
        # note: that’s a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle

DESCRIPTION

The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces. Things which are "#defines" in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the fully-qualified function names.

This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX module. Consult your operating system’s manpages for general information on most features. Consult the perlfunc manpage for functions which are noted as being identical to Perl’s builtin functions.

The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.

NOTE

The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games, and dynamic loading of code that’s in Perl, C, or both. It’s a great source of wisdom.

CAVEATS

A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they aren’t implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".

Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS ( POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK , or the semantics of the errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently successfully say "use POSIX ", and then later in your program you find that your vendor has been lax and there’s no usable ICANON macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug.

FUNCTIONS

	_exit		This is identical to the C function `"_exit()"`. It exits the program immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is not flushed.
	abort		This is identical to the C function `"abort()"`. It terminates the process with a `"SIGABRT"` signal unless caught by a signal handler or if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a `"longjmp"`).
	abs		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"abs()"` function, returning the absolute value of its numerical argument.
	access		Determines the accessibility of a file.

        if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
                print "have read permission\n";
        }

Returns "undef" on failure. Note: do not use "access()" for security purposes. Between the "access()" call and the operation you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic race condition.

	acos		This is identical to the C function `"acos()"`, returning the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	alarm		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"alarm()"` function, either for arming or disarming the `"SIGARLM"` timer.
	asctime		This is identical to the C function `"asctime()"`. It returns a string of the form

        "Fri Jun  2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"

and it is called thusly

        $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
                           $wday, $yday, $isdst);

The "$mon" is zero-based: January equals "0". The "$year" is 1900−based: 2001 equals "101". The "$wday", "$yday", and "$isdst" default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway).

	asin		This is identical to the C function `"asin()"`, returning the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	assert		Unimplemented, but you can use the die entry in the perlfunc manpage and the the Carp manpage module to achieve similar things.
	atan		This is identical to the C function `"atan()"`, returning the arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	atan2		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"atan2()"` function, returning the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the y coordinate and the x coordinate. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	atexit		atexit() is C-specific: use `"END {}"` instead, see the perlsub manpage.
	atof		atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
	atoi		atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see the int entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	atol		atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. If you need to have just the integer part, see the int entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	bsearch		bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists, see the Search::Dict manpage.
	calloc		calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
	ceil		This is identical to the C function `"ceil()"`, returning the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.
	chdir		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"chdir()"` function, allowing one to change the working (default) directory, see the chdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	chmod		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"chmod()"` function, allowing one to change file and directory permissions, see the chmod entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	chown		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"chown()"` function, allowing one to change file and directory owners and groups, see the chown entry in the perlfunc manpage.

clearerr

Use the method the IO::Handle::clearerr() entry elsewhere in this document instead, to reset the error state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.

	clock		This is identical to the C function `"clock()"`, returning the amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
	close		Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling `"POSIX::open"`.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        POSIX::close( $fd );

Returns "undef" on failure.

See also the close entry in the perlfunc manpage.

closedir

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "closedir()" function for closing a directory handle, see the closedir entry in the perlfunc manpage.

	cos		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"cos()"` function, for returning the cosine of its numerical argument, see the cos entry in the perlfunc manpage. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	cosh		This is identical to the C function `"cosh()"`, for returning the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	creat		Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by `"POSIX::open"`. Use `"POSIX::close"` to close the file.

        $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
        POSIX::close( $fd );

See also the sysopen entry in the perlfunc manpage and its "O_CREAT" flag.

ctermid

Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.

        $path = POSIX::ctermid();

	ctime		This is identical to the C function `"ctime()"` and equivalent to `"asctime(localtime(...))"`, see the asctimeand localtime entries elsewhere in this document.
	cuserid		Get the login name of the owner of the current process.

        $name = POSIX::cuserid();

difftime

This is identical to the C function "difftime()", for returning the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned by "time()"), see the time entry elsewhere in this document.

	div		div() is C-specific, use the int entry in the perlfunc manpage on the usual `"/"` division and the modulus `"%"`.
	dup		This is similar to the C function `"dup()"`, for duplicating a file descriptor.

This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".

Returns "undef" on failure.

dup2

This is similar to the C function "dup2()", for duplicating a file descriptor to an another known file descriptor.

This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".

Returns "undef" on failure.

errno

Returns the value of errno.

        $errno = POSIX::errno();

This identical to the numerical values of the "$!", see the section on "$ERRNO" in the perlvar manpage.

	execl		execl() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	execle		execle() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	execlp		execlp() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	execv		execv() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	execve		execve() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	execvp		execvp() is C-specific, see the exec entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	exit		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"exit()"` function for exiting the program, see the exit entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	exp		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"exp()"` function for returning the exponent (e−based) of the numerical argument, see the exp entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fabs		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"abs()"` function for returning the absolute value of the numerical argument, see the abs entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fclose		Use method `"IO::Handle::close()"` instead, or see the close entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fcntl		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"fcntl()"` function, see the fcntl entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fdopen		Use method `"IO::Handle::new_from_fd()"` instead, or see the open entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	feof		Use method `"IO::Handle::eof()"` instead, or see the eof entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	ferror		Use method `"IO::Handle::error()"` instead.
	fflush		Use method `"IO::Handle::flush()"` instead. See also the section on "$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH" in the perlvar manpage.
	fgetc		Use method `"IO::Handle::getc()"` instead, or see the read entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fgetpos		Use method `"IO::Seekable::getpos()"` instead, or see the seek entry in the L manpage.
	fgets		Use method `"IO::Handle::gets()"` instead. Similar to <>, also known as the readline entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fileno		Use method `"IO::Handle::fileno()"` instead, or see the fileno entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	floor		This is identical to the C function `"floor()"`, returning the largest integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.
	fmod		This is identical to the C function `"fmod()"`.

        $r = modf($x, $y);

It returns the remainder "$r = $x − $n*$y", where "$n = trunc($x/$y)". The "$r" has the same sign as "$x" and magnitude (absolute value) less than the magnitude of "$y".

	fopen		Use method `"IO::File::open()"` instead, or see the open entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fork		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"fork()"` function for duplicating the current process, see the fork entry in the perlfunc manpage and the perlfork manpage if you are in Windows.

fpathconf

Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling "POSIX::open".

The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds "/tmp/foo".

        $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );

Returns "undef" on failure.

	fprintf		fprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	fputc		fputc() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	fputs		fputs() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	fread		fread() is C-specific, see the read entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	free		free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
	freopen		freopen() is C-specific, see the open entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	frexp		Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.

        ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );

	fscanf		fscanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead.
	fseek		Use method `"IO::Seekable::seek()"` instead, or see the seek entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fsetpos		Use method `"IO::Seekable::setpos()"` instead, or seek the seek entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fstat		Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling `"POSIX::open"`. The data returned is identical to the data from Perl’s builtin `"stat"` function.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );

	ftell		Use method `"IO::Seekable::tell()"` instead, or see the tell entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	fwrite		fwrite() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	getc		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"getc()"` function, see the getc entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	getchar		Returns one character from STDIN . Identical to Perl’s `"getc()"`, see the getc entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	getcwd		Returns the name of the current working directory. See also the Cwd manpage.
	getegid		Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl’ s builtin variable `"$("`, see the section on "$EGID" in the perlvar manpage.
	getenv		Returns the value of the specified enironment variable. The same information is available through the `"%ENV"` array.
	geteuid		Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl’s builtin `"$>"` variable, see the section on "$EUID" in the perlvar manpage.
	getgid		Returns the user’s real group identifier. Similar to Perl’s builtin variable `"$)"`, see the section on "$GID" in the perlvar manpage.

getgrgid

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "getgrgid()" function for returning group entries by group identifiers, see the getgrgid entry in the perlfunc manpage.

getgrnam

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "getgrnam()" function for returning group entries by group names, see the getgrnam entry in the perlfunc manpage.

getgroups

Returns the ids of the user’s supplementary groups. Similar to Perl’s builtin variable "$)", see the section on "$GID" in the perlvar manpage.

getlogin

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "getlogin()" function for returning the user name associated with the current session, see the getlogin entry in the perlfunc manpage.

	getpgrp		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"getpgrp()"` function for returning the prcess group identifier of the current process, see the getpgrp entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	getpid		Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl’s builtin variable `"$$"`, see the section on "$PID" in the perlvar manpage.
	getppid		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"getppid()"` function for returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current process , see the getppid entry in the perlfunc manpage.

getpwnam

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "getpwnam()" function for returning user entries by user names, see the getpwnam entry in the perlfunc manpage.

getpwuid

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "getpwuid()" function for returning user entries by user identifiers, see the getpwuid entry in the perlfunc manpage.

gets

Returns one line from "STDIN", similar to <>, also known as the "readline()" function, see the readline entry in the perlfunc manpage.

NOTE : if you have C programs that still use "gets()", be very afraid. The "gets()" function is a source of endless grief because it has no buffer overrun checks. It should never be used. The "fgets()" function should be preferred instead.

	getuid		Returns the user’s identifier. Identical to Perl’s builtin `"$<"` variable, see the section on "$UID" in the perlvar manpage.
	gmtime		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"gmtime()"` function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time, see the gmtime entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	isalnum		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isalnum:]]/"` construct instead, or possibly the `"/\w/"` construct.
	isalpha		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isalpha:]]/"` construct instead.
	isatty		Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected to a tty. Similar to the `"−t"` operator, see the section on "-X" in the perlfunc manpage.
	iscntrl		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:iscntrl:]]/"` construct instead.
	isdigit		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isdigit:]]/"` construct instead, or the `"/\d/"` construct.
	isgraph		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isgraph:]]/"` construct instead.
	islower		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:islower:]]/"` construct instead. Do not use `"/a−z/"`.
	isprint		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isprint:]]/"` construct instead.
	ispunct		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:ispunct:]]/"` construct instead.
	isspace		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isspace:]]/"` construct instead, or the `"/\s/"` construct.
	isupper		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the `"/[[:isupper:]]/"` construct instead. Do not use `"/A−Z/"`.

isxdigit

This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the "/[[:isxdigit:]]/" construct instead, or simply "/[0−9a−f]/i".

	kill		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"kill()"` function for sending signals to processes (often to terminate them), see the kill entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	labs		(For returning absolute values of long integers.) labs() is C-specific, see the abs entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	ldexp		This is identical to the C function `"ldexp()"` for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.

        $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);

	ldiv		(For computing dividends of long integers.) ldiv() is C-specific, use `"/"` and `"int()"` instead.
	link		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"link()"` function for creating hard links into files, see the link entry in the perlfunc manpage.

localeconv

Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash containing the current locale formatting values.

Here is how to query the database for the de (Deutsch or German) locale.

        $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
        print "Locale = $loc\n";
        $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
        print "decimal_point    = ", $lconv->{decimal_point},   "\n";
        print "thousands_sep    = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep},   "\n";
        print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping},        "\n";
        print "int_curr_symbol  = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
        print "currency_symbol  = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
        print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
        print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
        print "mon_grouping     = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping},    "\n";
        print "positive_sign    = ", $lconv->{positive_sign},   "\n";
        print "negative_sign    = ", $lconv->{negative_sign},   "\n";
        print "int_frac_digits  = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
        print "frac_digits      = ", $lconv->{frac_digits},     "\n";
        print "p_cs_precedes    = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes},   "\n";
        print "p_sep_by_space   = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space},  "\n";
        print "n_cs_precedes    = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes},   "\n";
        print "n_sep_by_space   = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space},  "\n";
        print "p_sign_posn      = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn},     "\n";
        print "n_sign_posn      = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn},     "\n";

localtime

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "localtime()" function for converting seconds since the epoch to a date see the localtime entry in the perlfunc manpage.

	log		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"log()"` function, returning the natural (e−based) logarithm of the numerical argument, see the log entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	log10		This is identical to the C function `"log10()"`, returning the 10−base logarithm of the numerical argument. You can also use

    sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }

    sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }

    sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }

	longjmp		longjmp() is C-specific: use the die entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	lseek		Move the file’s read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling `"POSIX::open"`.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );

Returns "undef" on failure.

	malloc		malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
	mblen		This is identical to the C function `"mblen()"`. Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

mbstowcs

This is identical to the C function "mbstowcs()". Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

	mbtowc		This is identical to the C function `"mbtowc()"`. Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
	memchr		memchr() is C-specific, see the index entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	memcmp		memcmp() is C-specific, use `"eq"` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	memcpy		memcpy() is C-specific, use `"="`, see the perlop manpage, or see the substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	memmove		memmove() is C-specific, use `"="`, see the perlop manpage, or see the substr entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	memset		memset() is C-specific, use `"x"` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	mkdir		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"mkdir()"` function for creating directories, see the mkdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	mkfifo		This is similar to the C function `"mkfifo()"` for creating FIFO special files.

        if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....

Returns "undef" on failure. The "$mode" is similar to the mode of "mkdir()", see the mkdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.

mktime

Convert date/time info to a calendar time.

Synopsis:

        mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)

Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.

        $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
        print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);

Returns "undef" on failure.

modf

Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.

        ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );

nice

This is similar to the C function "nice()", for changing the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive arguments mean more polite process, negative values more needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.

Returns "undef" on failure.

offsetof

offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see the pack entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.

open

Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use "POSIX::close" to close the file.

Open a file read-only with mode 0666.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );

Open a file for read and write.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );

Open a file for write, with truncation.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY ⎪ &POSIX::O_TRUNC );

Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT ⎪ &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

See also the sysopen entry in the perlfunc manpage.

opendir

Open a directory for reading.

        $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
        @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
        POSIX::closedir( $dir );

Returns "undef" on failure.

pathconf

Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.

The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds "/tmp".

        $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );

Returns "undef" on failure.

pause

This is similar to the C function "pause()", which suspends the execution of the current process until a signal is received.

Returns "undef" on failure.

	perror		This is identical to the C function `"perror()"`, which outputs to the standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the current error string. Use the `"warn()"` function and the `"$!"` variable instead, see the warn entry in the perlfunc manpage and the section on "$ERRNO" in the perlvar manpage.
	pipe		Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those returned by `"POSIX::open"`.

        ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe();
        POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 );
        POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 );

See also the pipe entry in the perlfunc manpage.

pow

Computes "$x" raised to the power "$exponent".

        $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );

You can also use the "**" operator, see the perlop manpage.

	printf		Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT . See also the printf entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	putc		putc() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	putchar		putchar() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	puts		puts() is C-specific, see the print entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	qsort		qsort() is C-specific, see the sort entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	raise		Sends the specified signal to the current process. See also the kill entry in the perlfunc manpage and the `"$$"` in the section on "$PID" in the perlvar manpage.
	rand		`"rand()"` is non-portable, see the rand entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	read		Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling `"POSIX::open"`. If the buffer `"$buf"` is not large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
        $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

See also the sysread entry in the perlfunc manpage.

	readdir		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"readdir()"` function for reading directory entries, see the readdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	realloc		realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
	remove		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"unlink()"` function for removing files, see the unlink entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	rename		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"rename()"` function for renaming files, see the rename entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	rewind		Seeks to the beginning of the file.

rewinddir

This is identical to Perl’s builtin "rewinddir()" function for rewinding directory entry streams, see the rewinddir entry in the perlfunc manpage.

	rmdir		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"rmdir()"` function for removing (empty) directories, see the rmdir entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	scanf		scanf() is C-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage.
	setgid		Sets the real group identifier for this process. Identical to assigning a value to the Perl’s builtin `"$)"` variable, see the section on "$UID" in the perlvar manpage.
	setjmp		`"setjmp()"` is C-specific: use `"eval {}"` instead, see the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.

setlocale

Modifies and queries program’s locale. The following examples assume

        use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);

has been issued.

The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior (the second argument ""C"").

        $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );

The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second argument means ’query’.)

        $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );

The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale environment variables (the second argument """"). Please see your systems setlocale(3) documentation for the locale environment variables’ meaning or consult the perllocale manpage.

        $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );

The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian Spanish. NOTE : The naming and availability of locales depends on your operating system. Please consult the perllocale manpage for how to find out which locales are available in your system.

        $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );

setpgid

This is similar to the C function "setpgid()" for setting the process group identifier of the current process.

Returns "undef" on failure.

	setsid		This is identical to the C function `"setsid()"` for setting the session identifier of the current process.
	setuid		Sets the real user identifier for this process. Identical to assigning a value to the Perl’s builtin `"$<"` variable, see the section on "$UID" in the perlvar manpage.

sigaction

Detailed signal management. This uses "POSIX::SigAction" objects for the "action" and "oldaction" arguments. Consult your system’s "sigaction" manpage for details.

Synopsis:

        sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0)

Returns "undef" on failure.

siglongjmp

siglongjmp() is C-specific: use the die entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.

sigpending

Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" argument. Consult your system’s "sigpending" manpage for details.

Synopsis:

        sigpending(sigset)

Returns "undef" on failure.

sigprocmask

Change and/or examine calling process’s signal mask. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "sigset" and "oldsigset" arguments. Consult your system’s "sigprocmask" manpage for details.

Synopsis:

        sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)

Returns "undef" on failure.

sigsetjmp

"sigsetjmp()" is C-specific: use "eval {}" instead, see the eval entry in the perlfunc manpage.

sigsuspend

Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses "POSIX::SigSet" objects for the "signal_mask" argument. Consult your system’s "sigsuspend" manpage for details.

Synopsis:

        sigsuspend(signal_mask)

Returns "undef" on failure.

	sin		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"sin()"` function for returning the sine of the numerical argument, see the sin entry in the perlfunc manpage. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	sinh		This is identical to the C function `"sinh()"` for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	sleep		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"sleep()"` function for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain number of seconds, see the sleep entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	sprintf		This is similar to Perl’s builtin `"sprintf()"` function for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested, see the sprintf entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	sqrt		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"sqrt()"` function. for returning the square root of the numerical argument, see the sqrt entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	srand		Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see the srand entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	sscanf		sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage.
	stat		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"stat()"` function for retutning information about files and directories.
	strcat		strcat() is C-specific, use `".="` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strchr		strchr() is C-specific, see the index entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	strcmp		strcmp() is C-specific, use `"eq"` or `"cmp"` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strcoll		This is identical to the C function `"strcoll()"` for collating (comparing) strings transformed using the `"strxfrm()"` function. Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see the perllocale manpage.
	strcpy		strcpy() is C-specific, use `"="` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strcspn		strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage.

strerror

Returns the error string for the specified errno. Identical to the string form of the "$!", see the section on "$ERRNO" in the perlvar manpage.

strftime

Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.

Synopsis:

        strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)

The month ("mon"), weekday ("wday"), and yearday ("yday") begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year ("year") is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system’s "strftime()" manpage for details about these and the other arguments. If you want your code to be portable, your format ("fmt") argument should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C standard. These are "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%". The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling "mktime()" before calling your system’s "strftime()" function, except that the "isdst" value is not affected.

The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.

        $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
        print "$str\n";

	strlen		strlen() is C-specific, use `"length()"` instead, see the length entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	strncat		strncat() is C-specific, use `".="` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strncmp		strncmp() is C-specific, use `"eq"` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strncpy		strncpy() is C-specific, use `"="` instead, see the perlop manpage.
	strpbrk		strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage.
	strrchr		strrchr() is C-specific, see the rindex entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.
	strspn		strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage.
	strstr		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"index()"` function, see the index entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	strtod		String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.

strtod should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.

To parse a string $str as a floating point number use

    $! = 0;
    ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);

The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:

    if (($str eq ’’) ⎪⎪ ($n_unparsed != 0) ⎪⎪ !$!) {
        die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
    }

When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.

	strtok		strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see the perlre manpage, or the split entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	strtol		String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.

strtol should respect any POSIX setlocale() settings.

To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use

    $! = 0;
    ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);

The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as a hexadecimal number.

The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:

    if (($str eq ’’) ⎪⎪ ($n_unparsed != 0) ⎪⎪ !$!) {
        die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
    }

When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.

strtoul

String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See the strtol entry elsewhere in this document for details.

Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul(). Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "−1" as a valid value.

strxfrm

String transformation. Returns the transformed string.

        $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );

Used in conjunction with the "strcoll()" function, see the strcoll entry elsewhere in this document.

Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see the perllocale manpage.

sysconf

Retrieves values of system configurable variables.

The following will get the machine’s clock speed.

        $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );

Returns "undef" on failure.

	system		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"system()"` function, see the system entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	tan		This is identical to the C function `"tan()"`, returning the tangent of the numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	tanh		This is identical to the C function `"tanh()"`, returning the hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also the Math::Trig manpage.
	tcdrain		This is similar to the C function `"tcdrain()"` for draining the output queue of its argument stream.

Returns "undef" on failure.

tcflow

This is similar to the C function "tcflow()" for controlling the flow of its argument stream.

Returns "undef" on failure.

tcflush

This is similar to the C function "tcflush()" for flushing the I/O buffers of its argumeny stream.

Returns "undef" on failure.

tcgetpgrp

This is identical to the C function "tcgetpgrp()" for returning the process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.

tcsendbreak

This is similar to the C function "tcsendbreak()" for sending a break on its argument stream.

Returns "undef" on failure.

tcsetpgrp

This is similar to the C function "tcsetpgrp()" for setting the process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.

Returns "undef" on failure.

	time		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"time()"` function for returning the number of seconds since the epoch (whatever it is for the system), see the time entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	times		The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock ticks.

    ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();

Note: Perl’s builtin "times()" function returns four values, measured in seconds.

	tmpfile		Use method `"IO::File::new_tmpfile()"` instead, or see the File::Temp manpage.
	tmpnam		Returns a name for a temporary file.

        $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();

For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system’s documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface should not be used; instead see the File::Temp manpage.

	tolower		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the `"lc()"` function, see the lc entry in the perlfunc manpage, or the equivalent `"\L"` operator inside doublequotish strings.
	toupper		This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Consider using the `"uc()"` function, see the uc entry in the perlfunc manpage, or the equivalent `"\U"` operator inside doublequotish strings.
	ttyname		This is identical to the C function `"ttyname()"` for returning the name of the current terminal.
	tzname		Retrieves the time conversion information from the `"tzname"` variable.

        POSIX::tzset();
        ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();

	tzset		This is identical to the C function `"tzset()"` for setting the current timezone based on the environment variable `"TZ"`, to be used by `"ctime()"`, `"localtime()"`, `"mktime()"`, and `"strftime()"` functions.
	umask		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"umask()"` function for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, see the umask entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	uname		Get name of current operating system.

        ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();

Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not that well standardized, do not expect any great portability. The "$sysname" might be the name of the operating system, the "$nodename" might be the name of the host, the "$release" might be the (major) release number of the operating system, the "$version" might be the (minor) release number of the operating system, and the "$machine" might be a hardware identifier. Maybe.

	ungetc		Use method `"IO::Handle::ungetc()"` instead.
	unlink		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"unlink()"` function for removing files, see the unlink entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	utime		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"utime()"` function for changing the time stamps of files and directories, see the utime entry in the perlfunc manpage.

vfprintf

vfprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.

vprintf

vprintf() is C-specific, see the printf entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.

vsprintf

vsprintf() is C-specific, see the sprintf entry in the perlfunc manpage instead.

	wait		This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"wait()"` function, see the wait entry in the perlfunc manpage.
	waitpid		Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl’s builtin `"waitpid()"` function, see the waitpid entry in the perlfunc manpage.

        $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, &POSIX::WNOHANG );
        print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";

wcstombs

This is identical to the C function "wcstombs()". Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.

	wctomb		This is identical to the C function `"wctomb()"`. Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather useless function.
	write		Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling `"POSIX::open"`.

        $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
        $buf = "hello";
        $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

See also the syswrite entry in the perlfunc manpage.

CLASSES

POSIX: :SigAction

new

Creates a new "POSIX::SigAction" object which corresponds to the C "struct sigaction". This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a "POSIX::SigSet" object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the "sa_flags", it defaults to 0.

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
        $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( ’main::handler’, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );

This "POSIX::SigAction" object should be used with the "POSIX::sigaction()" function.

POSIX: :SigSet

new

Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the set.

Create an empty set.

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;

Create a set with SIGUSR1 .

        $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );

addset

Add a signal to a SigSet object.

        $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

delset

Remove a signal from the SigSet object.

        $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

emptyset

Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.

        $sigset->emptyset();

Returns "undef" on failure.

fillset

Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.

        $sigset->fillset();

Returns "undef" on failure.

ismember

Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.

        if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
                print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
        }

POSIX: :Termios

new

Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor, and setattr() sets a file descriptor’s parameters to match Termios’ contents.

        $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;

getattr

Get terminal control attributes.

Obtain the attributes for stdin.

        $termios->getattr()

Obtain the attributes for stdout.

        $termios->getattr( 1 )

Returns "undef" on failure.

getcc

Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.

        $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);

getcflag

Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.

        $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;

getiflag

Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.

        $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;

getispeed

Retrieve the input baud rate.

        $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;

getlflag

Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.

        $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;

getoflag

Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.

        $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;

getospeed

Retrieve the output baud rate.

        $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;

setattr

Set terminal control attributes.

Set attributes immediately for stdout.

        $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );

Returns "undef" on failure.

setcc

Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified.

        $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );

setcflag

Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.

        $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag ⎪ &POSIX::CLOCAL );

setiflag

Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.

        $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag ⎪ &POSIX::BRKINT );

setispeed

Set the input baud rate.

        $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

setlflag

Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.

        $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag ⎪ &POSIX::ECHO );

setoflag

Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.

        $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag ⎪ &POSIX::OPOST );

setospeed

Set the output baud rate.

        $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );

Returns "undef" on failure.

Baud rate values

B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110

Terminal interface values

TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF

c_cc field values

VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS

c_cflag field values

CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD

c_iflag field values

BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK

c_lflag field values

ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP

c_oflag field values

OPOST

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants

_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE

POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants

_POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants

_SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION

ERRNO

Constants

E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV

FCNTL

Constants

FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY

FLOAT

Constants

DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP

LIMITS

Constants

ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX

LOCALE

Constants

LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME

MATH

Constants

HUGE_VAL

SIGNAL

Constants

SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK

STAT

Constants

S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR

Macros

S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG

STDLIB

Constants

EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX

STDIO

Constants

BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX

TIME

Constants

CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC

UNISTD

Constants

R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK

WAIT

Constants

WNOHANG WUNTRACED

Macros

WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG

POSIX(3pm)

GNU/Linux man pages

Livre :
Expressions régulières,
Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :

ISBN : 978-2-7460-9712-4
EAN : 9782746097124
(Editions ENI)

GNU/Linux

POSIX(3pm)

POSIX

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NOTE

CAVEATS

FUNCTIONS

CLASSES

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

POSIX CONSTANTS

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

ERRNO

FCNTL

FLOAT

LIMITS

LOCALE

MATH

SIGNAL

STAT

STDLIB

STDIO

TIME

UNISTD

WAIT

GNU/Linux man pages

Livre :Expressions régulières,Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :

ISBN : 978-2-7460-9712-4 EAN : 9782746097124 (Editions ENI)

GNU/Linux

CentOS 2.1AS

POSIX(3pm)

POSIX

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NOTE

CAVEATS

FUNCTIONS

CLASSES

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

POSIX CONSTANTS

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

ERRNO

FCNTL

FLOAT

LIMITS

LOCALE

MATH

SIGNAL

STAT

STDLIB

STDIO

TIME

UNISTD

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Livre :
Expressions régulières,
Syntaxe et mise en oeuvre :

ISBN : 978-2-7460-9712-4
EAN : 9782746097124
(Editions ENI)