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Net::FTP(3pm) |
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Net::FTP − FTP Client class
use Net::FTP;
$ftp = Net::FTP->new("some.host.name", Debug => 0);
$ftp->login("anonymous",’me@here.there’);
$ftp->cwd("/pub");
$ftp->get("that.file");
$ftp->quit;
"Net::FTP" is a class implementing a simple FTP client in Perl as described in RFC959 . It provides wrappers for a subset of the RFC959 commands.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a way of transferring files between networked machines. The protocol defines a client (whose commands are provided by this module) and a server (not implemented in this module). Communication is always initiated by the client, and the server responds with a message and a status code (and sometimes with data).
The FTP protocol allows files to be sent to or fetched from the server. Each transfer involves a local file (on the client) and a remote file (on the server). In this module, the same file name will be used for both local and remote if only one is specified. This means that transferring remote file "/path/to/file" will try to put that file in "/path/to/file" locally, unless you specify a local file name.
The protocol also defines several standard translations which the file can undergo during transfer. These are ASCII , EBCDIC , binary, and byte. ASCII is the default type, and indicates that the sender of files will translate the ends of lines to a standard representation which the receiver will then translate back into their local representation. EBCDIC indicates the file being transferred is in EBCDIC format. Binary (also known as image) format sends the data as a contiguous bit stream. Byte format transfers the data as bytes, the values of which remain the same regardless of differences in byte size between the two machines (in theory − in practice you should only use this if you really know what you’re doing).
new ( HOST [,OPTIONS])
This is the constructor for a new Net::FTP object. "HOST" is the name of the remote host to which a FTP connection is required.
"OPTIONS" are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs. Possible options are:
Firewall − The name of a machine which acts as a FTP firewall. This can be overridden by an environment variable "FTP_FIREWALL". If specified, and the given host cannot be directly connected to, then the connection is made to the firewall machine and the string "@hostname" is appended to the login identifier. This kind of setup is also refered to as a ftp proxy.
BlockSize − This is the block size that Net::FTP will use when doing transfers. (defaults to 10240)
Port − The port number to connect to on the remote machine for the FTP connection
Timeout − Set a timeout value (defaults to 120)
Debug − debug level (see the debug method in the Net::Cmd manpage)
Passive − If set to a non-zero value then all data transfers will be done using passive mode. This is not usually required except for some dumb servers, and some firewall configurations. This can also be set by the environment variable "FTP_PASSIVE".
Hash − If TRUE , print hash marks (#) on STDERR every 1024 bytes. This simply invokes the "hash()" method for you, so that hash marks are displayed for all transfers. You can, of course, call "hash()" explicitly whenever you’d like.
If the constructor fails undef will be returned and an error message will be in $@
Unless
otherwise stated all methods return either a true or
false value, with true meaning that the
operation was a success. When a method states that it
returns a value, failure will be returned as undef or
an empty list.
login ([ LOGIN [,PASSWORD [,
ACCOUNT ] ] ])
Log into the remote FTP server with the given login information. If no arguments are given then the "Net::FTP" uses the "Net::Netrc" package to lookup the login information for the connected host. If no information is found then a login of anonymous is used. If no password is given and the login is anonymous then the users Email address will be used for a password.
If the connection is via a firewall then the "authorize" method will be called with no arguments.
authorize ( [ AUTH [, RESP ]])
This is a protocol used by some firewall ftp proxies. It is used to authorise the user to send data out. If both arguments are not specified then "authorize" uses "Net::Netrc" to do a lookup.
site ( ARGS )
Send a SITE command to the remote server and wait for a response.
Returns most significant digit of the response code.
type ( TYPE [, ARGS ])
This method will send the TYPE command to the remote FTP server to change the type of data transfer. The return value is the previous value.
ascii ([ ARGS ]) binary([ ARGS ]) ebcdic([ ARGS ]) byte([ ARGS ])
Synonyms for "type" with the first arguments set correctly
NOTE ebcdic and byte are not fully supported.
rename ( OLDNAME , NEWNAME )
Rename a file on the remote FTP server from "OLDNAME" to "NEWNAME". This is done by sending the RNFR and RNTO commands.
delete ( FILENAME )
Send a request to the server to delete "FILENAME".
cwd ( [ DIR ] )
Attempt to change directory to the directory given in "$dir". If "$dir" is "".."", the FTP "CDUP" command is used to attempt to move up one directory. If no directory is given then an attempt is made to change the directory to the root directory.
cdup ()
Change directory to the parent of the current directory.
pwd ()
Returns the full pathname of the current directory.
rmdir ( DIR )
Remove the directory with the name "DIR".
mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ])
Create a new directory with the name "DIR". If "RECURSE" is true then "mkdir" will attempt to create all the directories in the given path.
Returns the full pathname to the new directory.
ls ( [ DIR ] )
Get a directory listing of "DIR", or the current directory.
In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.
dir ( [ DIR ] )
Get a directory listing of "DIR", or the current directory in long format.
In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.
get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE ]] )
Get "REMOTE_FILE" from the server and store locally. "LOCAL_FILE" may be a filename or a filehandle. If not specified the the file will be stored in the current directory with the same leafname as the remote file.
If "WHERE" is given then the first "WHERE" bytes of the file will not be transfered, and the remaining bytes will be appended to the local file if it already exists.
Returns "LOCAL_FILE", or the generated local file name if "LOCAL_FILE" is not given.
put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] )
Put a file on the remote server. "LOCAL_FILE" may be a name or a filehandle. If "LOCAL_FILE" is a filehandle then "REMOTE_FILE" must be specified. If "REMOTE_FILE" is not specified then the file will be stored in the current directory with the same leafname as "LOCAL_FILE".
Returns "REMOTE_FILE", or the generated remote filename if "REMOTE_FILE" is not given.
NOTE : If for some reason the transfer does not complete and an error is returned then the contents that had been transfered will not be remove automatically.
put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] )
Same as put but uses the "STOU" command.
Returns the name of the file on the server.
append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] )
Same as put but appends to the file on the remote server.
Returns "REMOTE_FILE", or the generated remote filename if "REMOTE_FILE" is not given.
unique_name ()
Returns the name of the last file stored on the server using the "STOU" command.
mdtm ( FILE )
Returns the modification time of the given file
size ( FILE )
Returns the size in bytes for the given file as stored on the remote server.
NOTE : The size reported is the size of the stored file on the remote server. If the file is subsequently transfered from the server in ASCII mode and the remote server and local machine have different ideas about "End Of Line" then the size of file on the local machine after transfer may be different.
supported ( CMD )
Returns TRUE if the remote server supports the given command.
hash ( [ FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF ],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK ] )
Called without parameters, or with the first argument false, hash marks are suppressed. If the first argument is true but not a reference to a file handle glob, then \*STDERR is used. The second argument is the number of bytes per hash mark printed, and defaults to 1024. In all cases the return value is a reference to an array of two: the filehandle glob reference and the bytes per hash mark.
The following
methods can return different results depending on how they
are called. If the user explicitly calls either of the
"pasv" or "port"
methods then these methods will return a true or
false value. If the user does not call either of
these methods then the result will be a reference to a
"Net::FTP::dataconn" based object.
nlst ( [ DIR ] )
Send a "NLST" command to the server, with an optional parameter.
list ( [ DIR ] )
Same as "nlst" but using the "LIST" command
retr ( FILE )
Begin the retrieval of a file called "FILE" from the remote server.
stor ( FILE )
Tell the server that you wish to store a file. "FILE" is the name of the new file that should be created.
stou ( FILE )
Same as "stor" but using the "STOU" command. The name of the unique file which was created on the server will be available via the "unique_name" method after the data connection has been closed.
appe ( FILE )
Tell the server that we want to append some data to the end of a file called "FILE". If this file does not exist then create it.
If for some reason you want to have complete control over the data connection, this includes generating it and calling the "response" method when required, then the user can use these methods to do so.
However calling
these methods only affects the use of the methods above that
can return a data connection. They have no effect on methods
"get", "put",
"put_unique" and those that do not
require data connections.
port ( [ PORT ] )
Send a "PORT" command to the server. If "PORT" is specified then it is sent to the server. If not the a listen socket is created and the correct information sent to the server.
pasv ()
Tell the server to go into passive mode. Returns the text that represents the port on which the server is listening, this text is in a suitable form to sent to another ftp server using the "port" method.
The following
methods can be used to transfer files between two remote
servers, providing that these two servers can connect
directly to each other.
pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE ,
DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ]
)
This method will do a file transfer between two remote ftp servers. If "DEST_FILE" is omitted then the leaf name of "SRC_FILE" will be used.
pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE , DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] )
Like "pasv_xfer" but the file is stored on the remote server using the STOU command.
pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER )
This method can be used to wait for a transfer to complete between a passive server and a non-passive server. The method should be called on the passive server with the "Net::FTP" object for the non-passive server passed as an argument.
abort ()
Abort the current data transfer.
quit ()
Send the QUIT command to the remote FTP server and close the socket connection.
Methods for the adventurous
"Net::FTP"
inherits from "Net::Cmd" so methods
defined in "Net::Cmd" may be used to send
commands to the remote FTP server.
quot ( CMD [,ARGS])
Send a command, that Net::FTP does not directly support, to the remote server and wait for a response.
Returns most significant digit of the response code.
WARNING This call should only be used on commands that do not require data connections. Misuse of this method can hang the connection.
Some of the
methods defined in "Net::FTP" return an
object which will be derived from this class.The dataconn
class itself is derived from the
"IO::Socket::INET" class, so any normal
IO operations can be performed. However the
following methods are defined in the dataconn class and
IO should be performed using these.
read ( BUFFER , SIZE [,
TIMEOUT ] )
Read "SIZE" bytes of data from the server and place it into "BUFFER", also performing any < CRLF > translation necessary. "TIMEOUT" is optional, if not given the the timeout value from the command connection will be used.
Returns the number of bytes read before any < CRLF > translation.
write ( BUFFER , SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] )
Write "SIZE" bytes of data from "BUFFER" to the server, also performing any < CRLF > translation necessary. "TIMEOUT" is optional, if not given the the timeout value from the command connection will be used.
Returns the number of bytes written before any < CRLF > translation.
abort ()
Abort the current data transfer.
close ()
Close the data connection and get a response from the FTP server. Returns true if the connection was closed successfully and the first digit of the response from the server was a ’2’.
The following
RFC959 commands have not been implemented:
ALLO
Allocates storage for the file to be transferred.
SMNT
Mount a different file system structure without changing login or accounting information.
HELP
Ask the server for "helpful information" (that’s what the RFC says) on the commands it accepts.
MODE
Specifies transfer mode (stream, block or compressed) for file to be transferred.
SYST
Request remote server system identification.
STAT
Request remote server status.
STRU
Specifies file structure for file to be transferred.
REIN
Reinitialize the connection, flushing all I/O and account information.
When reporting bugs/problems please include as much information as possible. It may be difficult for me to reproduce the problem as almost every setup is different.
A small script which yields the problem will probably be of help. It would also be useful if this script was run with the extra options "Debug =" 1> passed to the constructor, and the output sent with the bug report. If you cannot include a small script then please include a Debug trace from a run of your program which does yield the problem.
Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>
the Net::Netrc manpage the Net::Cmd manpage
ftp(1), ftpd(8), RFC 959 http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc/rfc959.html
Henry Gabryjelski <henryg@WPI.EDU> − for the suggestion of creating directories recursively.
Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii.com> − for some input on the documentation.
Roderick Schertler <roderick@gate.net> − for various inputs
Copyright (c) 1995−1998 Graham Barr. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
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Net::FTP(3pm) | |